Yordanov Angel, Kostov Stoyan, Kornovski Yavor, Ivanova Yonka, Slavchev Stanislav, Kostov Gancho, Strashilov Strahil
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria.
Department of Gynaecology, Medical University of Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2022 Dec;21(4):285-288. doi: 10.5114/pm.2022.124020. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
Renal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in men and the tenth most common cancer in women. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3% of all adult malignancies and 85% of all primary renal tumours. It metastasizes most often to the lungs, liver, bones, and brain and very rarely to the vagina.
We present a case of a 60-year-old patient, in whom the renal cell carcinoma manifested for the first time as an intense bleeding, soft tumour formation with dimensions 4/6 cm originating in the vagina.
Renal cell carcinoma metastasizes in about 30% of cases. Metastasizing can be lymphatic, hematogenous, transcoelomic, or by direct invasion. Most commonly it affects the lungs, bones, adrenal glands, liver, lymph nodes, and brain. Much less often, it metastasizes to the thyroid, orbit, nasal structures, vagina, gallbladder, pancreas, sublingual tissues, and soft tissues of distal extremities. Metastases can be synchronous and metachronous. The described cases in the literature of renal cell carcinoma manifested with vaginal metastases are isolated.
We present an extremely rare case of renal cell carcinoma manifested by profuse genital bleeding from a vaginal metastasis. In such cases, especially if the vaginal lesion does not appear as the primary vaginal carcinoma, we must consider the possibility of metastasis from renal carcinoma.
肾癌是男性中第七大常见癌症，女性中第十大常见癌症。肾细胞癌占所有成人恶性肿瘤的3%，占所有原发性肾肿瘤的85%。它最常转移至肺、肝、骨和脑，很少转移至阴道。
我们报告一例60岁患者，其肾细胞癌首次表现为阴道内出现大量出血、大小为4/6厘米的柔软肿瘤形成。
肾细胞癌约30%会发生转移。转移途径可以是淋巴转移、血行转移、种植转移或直接侵犯。最常受累的部位是肺、骨、肾上腺、肝、淋巴结和脑。较少见的是转移至甲状腺、眼眶、鼻结构、阴道、胆囊、胰腺、舌下组织和远端肢体的软组织。转移可以是同时性的，也可以是异时性的。文献中描述的肾细胞癌表现为阴道转移的病例是孤立的。
我们报告了一例极其罕见的肾细胞癌，表现为阴道转移导致大量生殖器出血。在这种情况下，尤其是如果阴道病变不表现为原发性阴道癌，我们必须考虑肾癌转移的可能性。
