School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2023 Mar;139:102307. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102307. Epub 2023 Jan 14.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，结核病（TB）是全球范围内由单一感染因子引发的主要死亡原因。卡介苗（BCG）是唯一获得许可的抗结核疫苗。然而，其他策略，包括重组卡介苗疫苗的修饰、减毒结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）突变构建体、DNA 和蛋白质亚单位疫苗，正在广泛研究中。由于全病原体疫苗可能引发严重的不良反应，因此当前大多数策略都集中在开发安全的抗结核亚单位疫苗上；鉴于免疫功能低下的 HIV 患者中结核感染率的上升，这一点尤为重要。全 Mtb 基因组已被绘制，主要抗原已被鉴定；然而，最佳的疫苗输送模式仍有待建立。分离的蛋白质抗原通常免疫原性较差，因此需要佐剂来诱导强烈和持久的免疫反应。本文旨在综述抗结核亚单位疫苗佐剂的研发现状。
