Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 12;10:1035064. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035064. eCollection 2022.
Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) can benefit the lifestyle and health of employees. However, not all WHPPs have been successful in their implementation, and thus their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing an integrated WHPP, which targets multiple lifestyle factors at different levels (individual and organizational), from an employer's perspective.
Data were collected by two online focus groups among 18 representatives of eight different organizations. Data from the focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Data were coded both inductively and deductively, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) consisting of the following five domains: (1) intervention characteristics, (2) outer setting, (3) inner setting, (4) characteristics of individuals, and (5) process. Ratings were performed to indicate the positive or negative influence and strength of a construct regarding the implementation of WHPPs.
Barriers and facilitators in all domains of the CFIR were found. Regarding characteristics of the WHPP, complexity and costs hindered implementation, while high adaptability facilitated it. An organization that met the needs of employees (the outer setting) facilitated implementation. Available resources, access to knowledge, leadership involvement, and continuity of communication were facilitators within the inner setting. Barriers were different approaches to implementation within one organization and the perceived interference with employees' lives. For the implementation process, the involvement of key stakeholders, including employees, was identified as an important facilitator.
Various barriers and facilitators in different domains play a role in the implementation of integrated WHPPs, according to employers. Strategies that tackle the identified barriers and incorporate the facilitators will likely contribute to the successful implementation of integrated WHPPs.
工作场所健康促进计划（WHPP）可以有益于员工的生活方式和健康。然而，并非所有 WHPP 都能成功实施并取得成效。本研究旨在从雇主的角度确定实施针对不同层次（个人和组织）的多个生活方式因素的综合 WHPP 的障碍和促进因素。
通过两个在线焦点小组，收集了来自八个不同组织的 18 名代表的资料。焦点小组讨论的数据逐字记录，并使用主题分析进行分析。使用包含五个领域的实施研究综合框架（CFIR）对数据进行归纳和演绎编码：（1）干预特征，（2）外部环境，（3）内部环境，（4）个体特征，（5）过程。对评分进行了评估，以表明与 WHPP 实施有关的构建体的积极或消极影响和强度。
在 CFIR 的所有领域都发现了障碍和促进因素。关于 WHPP 的特征，复杂性和成本阻碍了实施，而高适应性则促进了实施。满足员工需求的组织（外部环境）促进了实施。可用资源、获取知识、领导力参与度和持续沟通是内部环境中的促进因素。障碍是一个组织内实施方式的不同以及对员工生活的感知干扰。对于实施过程，包括员工在内的利益相关者的参与被确定为一个重要的促进因素。
根据雇主的说法，不同领域的各种障碍和促进因素在综合 WHPP 的实施中发挥作用。采用解决已确定障碍并纳入促进因素的策略，可能有助于综合 WHPP 的成功实施。
