Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment.

Some species, including and , are increasingly becoming a common cause of nosocomial infections, accounting for the majority of human enterococcal infections, while other species, such as , have also been shown to be pathogenic to humans due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. These infections vary widely in their mode of transmission, symptoms, and other characteristics. Treatment is difficult in some cases because enterococci are resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. and are the best-known opportunistic pathogens, but others, including , occasionally cause opportunistic infections. This review summarizes the clinical features of infections and discusses effective therapeutic strategies. Bacteremia was the most common form of infections. Because carries the VanC gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin, less resistant drugs such as ampicillin were found more effective in treating the bacteremia. The second most common form of infection was trauma-induced endophthalmitis. This was commonly reported in active young to middle-aged patients. Vitreoretinal surgery and local or systemic administration of sensitive antimicrobial agents seem to be key to successful treatment. Other conditions such as infective endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis, and pyothorax have also been reported as forms of infection. This review clarifies the clinical features of infection and provides important insights into its treatment.