Chapman Gretchen B, Li Meng, Leventhal Howard, Leventhal Elaine A
Psychology Department and Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University.
Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver.
Behav Sci Policy. 2016;2(2):40-50. doi: 10.1353/bsp.2016.0014.
The majority of U.S. adults do not receive an annual influenza vaccination. Behavioral economics tools can be harnessed to encourage health behaviors. Specifically, scheduling patients by default for a flu shot appointment leads to higher vaccination rates at a medical practice than does merely encouraging flu shot appointments. It is not known, however, whether default appointments actually increase net vaccination or merely displace vaccinations from other venues. In the current field experiment, we examined the use of default appointments in a large medical practice and established that automatically scheduled appointments increased the total vaccination rate by 10 percentage points within the practice without displacing vaccinations that patients would otherwise have received in other settings. This increased vaccination rate came at the cost of a high no-show rate. These findings point to an effective way to increase vaccination rates and may offer a cost-saving measure in the scope of accountable care organizations.
大多数美国成年人没有每年接种流感疫苗。行为经济学工具可用于鼓励健康行为。具体而言，在医疗机构中，默认给患者安排流感疫苗接种预约比仅仅鼓励预约接种能带来更高的接种率。然而，尚不清楚默认预约是否真的增加了净接种量，还是仅仅将其他场所的接种量转移了过来。在当前的实地实验中，我们在一家大型医疗机构中研究了默认预约的使用情况，并确定自动安排的预约使该机构内的总接种率提高了10个百分点，且没有取代患者原本会在其他场所接种的疫苗。这种接种率的提高是以高爽约率为代价的。这些发现指出了一种提高接种率的有效方法，并且在 accountable care organizations 的范围内可能提供一种节省成本的措施。 （注：“accountable care organizations”可直译为“ accountable care organizations”，这是美国医疗领域的一个术语，暂未找到完全对应的中文术语，可保留英文）
