Unit of Psychotraumatology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wächtergasse 1, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Jan 30;11(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01049-x.
Children and adolescents in residential care often face multiple traumatic experiences. However, some individuals show resilient adaptation. To depict this heterogeneity, the person-centered examination of different classes of adaptation is a powerful tool. Up to date, resilience was insufficiently addressed in this population. Data from 141 children and adolescents in residential care institutions in Austria regarding trauma history, psychopathology, behavioral adjustment, and protective factors were assessed with standardized self-report questionnaires. Distinct classes of adaptation after traumatic experiences were examined with Latent Class Analysis. Class differences regarding traumatic experiences and protective factors were analyzed with χ testing. Three classes were identified [resilience (66.18%), mixed psychopathology (13.97%, mixed), high psychopathology (19.85%, high)]. Only males were classified into the resilient class and only females into the high class. The high class differed significantly from the resilient class regarding cumulative trauma history and protective factors. The mixed class did not differ from the resilient class regarding trauma history, however, they differed significantly regarding protective factors. The resilient class was associated with protective factors. Strong gender differences show the relevance of a differentiated evaluation of gender-specific protective factors and resilience indicators. Fostering protective factors may be a suitable approach for tailored intervention measures.
居住照料中的儿童和青少年经常面临多种创伤经历。然而，有些人表现出有弹性的适应。为了描绘这种异质性，对不同适应类别进行以人为中心的检查是一种强大的工具。迄今为止，这一人群中的适应力问题还没有得到充分的关注。对奥地利 141 名居住在照料机构中的儿童和青少年进行了创伤史、精神病理学、行为调整和保护因素的评估，采用了标准化的自我报告问卷。采用潜在类别分析检查了创伤经历后的不同适应类别。采用卡方检验分析了创伤经历和保护因素的类别差异。确定了三个类别[韧性（66.18%）、混合精神病理学（13.97%，混合）、高精神病理学（19.85%，高）]。只有男性被归入有弹性的类别，只有女性被归入高类别。高类别与累积创伤史和保护因素与有弹性的类别有显著差异。混合类别与创伤史没有差异，但在保护因素方面有显著差异。有弹性的类别与保护因素有关。强烈的性别差异表明，对性别特定的保护因素和适应力指标进行差异化评估具有重要意义。培养保护因素可能是制定有针对性的干预措施的一种合适方法。
