Alekish Myassar, Ismail Zuhair Bani
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Vet World. 2022 Dec;15(12):2910-2916. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2910-2916. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
In many developing countries, infectious and non-infectious diseases remain a major hurdle in achieving satisfactory status related to animal health, productivity, and welfare. In Jordan, there are no comprehensive reports describing the most common diseases involving different body systems in different age groups of cattle. Therefore, this retrospective study was designed to report the frequencies of various infectious and non-infectious diseases and their distribution according to sex, age, and body system in cattle in Jordan.
Case medical records of cattle presented for clinical evaluation to the Veterinary Health Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology between January 2015 and December 2021 were used in this study. The data were categorized based on sex (female vs. male), body system involved in the disease process, nature of the disease process (infectious vs. non-infectious), and age (pre-weaning [<2 months of age], 2 months-2 years of age, and older than 2 years of age). Descriptive analysis was performed to report the frequencies, averages, and range values using Excel spreadsheets.
Medical records of 513 cattle cases were used in the study. All cattle belonged to the Holstein-Friesian dairy breed. The majority of cases were female (91%). The age of animals ranged between 1 day and 8 years. According to age groups, there were 52%, 27%, and 16% of cases older than 2 years, 2 months-2 years, and pre-weaning (<2 months), respectively. Among males and females, the majority of cases were diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases (30%), followed by udder/teat diseases (18%), reproductive and obstetrical diseases (16%), and respiratory diseases (11%). Other body systems involved in disease processes were metabolic (7%), musculoskeletal (6%), cardiovascular/circulatory (4%), multiple systems (3%), nervous (2%), ear/eye (2%), and skin (1%).
Results of this study provide valuable information on the most likely diagnostic list of diseases involving various body systems of different age groups in cattle in Jordan. This information could serve as a clinical guideline for field diagnosis of cattle diseases and provide an accurate estimate of the current status of cattle welfare, health, and husbandry practices in Jordan.
在许多发展中国家，传染病和非传染病仍然是实现与动物健康、生产力和福利相关的理想状态的主要障碍。在约旦，没有全面的报告描述不同年龄组牛群中涉及不同身体系统的最常见疾病。因此，本回顾性研究旨在报告约旦牛群中各种传染病和非传染病的发生频率及其按性别、年龄和身体系统的分布情况。
本研究使用了2015年1月至2021年12月期间提交给约旦科技大学兽医学院兽医健康中心进行临床评估的牛的病例医疗记录。数据根据性别（雌性与雄性）、疾病过程中涉及的身体系统、疾病过程的性质（传染性与非传染性）以及年龄（断奶前[<2月龄]、2月龄至2岁、2岁以上）进行分类。使用Excel电子表格进行描述性分析，以报告频率、平均值和范围值。
本研究使用了513例牛病例的医疗记录。所有牛均属于荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛品种。大多数病例为雌性（91%）。动物年龄在1天至8岁之间。按年龄组划分，2岁以上、2月龄至2岁、断奶前（<2月龄）的病例分别占52%、27%和16%。在雄性和雌性中，大多数病例被诊断为胃肠道疾病（30%），其次是乳房/乳头疾病（18%）、生殖和产科疾病（16%）以及呼吸道疾病（11%）。疾病过程中涉及的其他身体系统包括代谢系统（7%）、肌肉骨骼系统（6%）、心血管/循环系统（4%）、多个系统（3%）、神经系统（2%）、耳/眼（2%）和皮肤（1%）。
本研究结果提供了有关约旦不同年龄组牛群中涉及各种身体系统的最可能疾病诊断清单的有价值信息。这些信息可作为牛病现场诊断的临床指南，并准确估计约旦牛的福利、健康和饲养管理现状。
