Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Apr;86:101867. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101867. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
The study of pollutant effects is extremely important to address the epochal challenges we are facing, where world populations are increasingly moving from rural to urban centers, revolutionizing our world into an urban world. These transformations will exacerbate pollution, thus highlighting the necessity to unravel its effect on human health. Epidemiological studies have reported that pollution increases the risk of neurological diseases, with growing evidence on the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Air pollution and water pollutants are the main chemicals driving this risk. These chemicals can promote inflammation, acting in synergy with genotype vulnerability. However, the biological underpinnings of this association are unknown. In this review, we focus on the link between pollution and brain network connectivity at the macro-scale level. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological findings and studies investigating brain network changes associated with pollution exposure, and discuss the mechanistic insights of pollution-induced brain changes through neural networks. We explain, in detail, the pollutome-connectome axis that might provide the functional substrate for pollution-induced processes leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We describe this model within the framework of two pollutants, air pollution, a widely recognized threat, and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a large class of synthetic chemicals which are currently emerging as new neurotoxic source.
污染物影响的研究对于应对我们所面临的时代挑战至关重要，随着世界人口越来越多地从农村向城市中心迁移，我们的世界正在迅速转变为一个城市化的世界。这些转变将加剧污染，因此凸显了解决其对人类健康影响的必要性。流行病学研究报告称，污染会增加患神经疾病的风险，越来越多的证据表明神经退行性疾病的风险增加。空气污染和水污染是推动这一风险的主要化学物质。这些化学物质可以促进炎症，与基因型脆弱性协同作用。然而，这种关联的生物学基础尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注污染与大脑网络连接在宏观水平上的联系。我们提供了流行病学发现和研究的最新概述，这些研究调查了与污染暴露相关的大脑网络变化，并讨论了通过神经网络研究污染引起的大脑变化的机制见解。我们详细解释了污染组-连接组轴，它可能为污染引起的导致认知障碍和神经退行性变的过程提供功能基础。我们在两个污染物的框架内描述了这个模型，一个是广泛公认的威胁空气污染物，另一个是多氟烷基物质，这是一大类新兴的神经毒性化学物质。
