Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
BMC Geriatr. 2023 Feb 3;23(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03745-0.
Prior work suggests that higher fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against depression in older adults. Better understanding of the influence of genetic and environmental factors on fruit and vegetable intakes may lead to the design of more effective dietary strategies to increase intakes. In turn this may reduce the occurrence of depression in older adults.
The primary aim of this study is to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the consumption of fruit and vegetables in older adults. The secondary aim is an exploratory analysis into possible shared genetic influences on fruit and vegetable intakes and depression.
Analysis of observational data from 374 twins (67.1% female; 208 monozygotic (MZ); 166 dizygotic (DZ)) aged ≥ 65 years drawn from the Older Australian Twins Study. Dietary data were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item short form Geriatric Depression Scale. The contribution of genetic and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable intake were estimated by comparing MZ and DZ twin intakes using structural equation modelling. A tri-variate twin model was used to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between total fruit and vegetable intakes and depression.
In this study, vegetable intake was moderately influenced by genetics (0.39 95%CI 0.22, 0.54). Heritability was highest for brassica vegetables (0.40 95%CI 0.24, 0.54). Overall fruit intake was not significantly heritable. No significant genetic correlations were detected between fruit and vegetable intake and depressive symptoms.
Vegetable consumption, particularly bitter tasting brassica vegetables, was significantly influenced by genetics, although environmental influences were also apparent. Consumption of fruit was only influenced by the environment, with no genetic influence detected, suggesting strategies targeting the food environment may be particularly effective for encouraging fruit consumption.
先前的研究表明，增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量可能有助于预防老年人的抑郁症。更好地了解遗传和环境因素对水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响，可能会促使我们设计更有效的饮食策略，以增加摄入量。反过来，这可能会降低老年人患抑郁症的风险。
本研究的主要目的是估计遗传和环境因素对老年人水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响。次要目的是对水果和蔬菜摄入量与抑郁症之间可能存在的共同遗传影响进行探索性分析。
对来自老年澳大利亚双胞胎研究的 374 对双胞胎（67.1%为女性；208 对为同卵双胞胎（MZ）；166 对为异卵双胞胎（DZ））的观察性数据进行分析，这些双胞胎年龄均≥65 岁。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷获得饮食数据，使用 15 项简短老年抑郁量表测量抑郁症状。通过比较 MZ 和 DZ 双胞胎的摄入量，使用结构方程模型来估计遗传和环境因素对水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响。使用三变量双胞胎模型来估计总水果和蔬菜摄入量与抑郁之间的遗传和环境相关性。
在本研究中，蔬菜摄入量受遗传因素的中度影响（0.39，95%CI 0.22，0.54）。十字花科蔬菜的遗传率最高（0.40，95%CI 0.24，0.54）。总体水果摄入量没有显著的遗传性。未检测到水果和蔬菜摄入量与抑郁症状之间存在显著的遗传相关性。
蔬菜的消费，特别是苦味的十字花科蔬菜，受遗传因素的显著影响，尽管环境因素也有明显影响。水果的消费仅受环境影响，未检测到遗传影响，这表明针对食物环境的策略可能对鼓励水果消费特别有效。
