Mauricio Ceballos, Andrea Salazar-Ospina, Daniel Sabater-Hernández, Pedro Amariles
Research Group on Pharmaceutical Promotion and Prevention, Research Group on Pharmacy Regency Technology. University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2022 Jul-Sep;20(3):2632. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2022.3.2632. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Drugs with fiscalized substances without a correct prescription may lead to undesirable side effects. Pharmacy staff needs to improve their competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) to contribute to providing ambulatory pharmacy services and minimizing medication errors. Continuing education programs (CEP) could favor access to relevant and quality information on health promotion, disease prevention, and the rational use of drugs.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a continuing education program to improve pharmacy staff competencies to enhance the use of drugs with fiscalized substances.
A multicenter, prospective, parallel-group, cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in drugstores and pharmacies in Colombia (ambulatory retail establishments). The intervention group (IG) received a CEP: a web-based social networking site, a virtual course, a dispensing information system, and face-to-face training. The control group (CG) received general written material on the correct use of drugs. We measured pharmacy staff's skills, attitudes, and knowledge self-reported scores, and the simulated patient technique was used to assess the participant skills and attitudes in real practice. We used a questionnaire designed for this study, which was evaluated by a group of experts and piloted and showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96.
Three hundred five drugstores and pharmacies were enrolled in two groups: IG (n = 153) and CG (n = 152). Out of the 750 potential participants, 88% (n=659) agreed to participate. The pharmacy staff's skills, attitudes, and knowledge self-reported scores post-intervention were higher than baseline in both groups; however, the IG had statistically significantly higher scores than the CG. Post-intervention, the self-efficacy skills and attitudes in the IG improved by 88% (22 of 25) and in six of the seven assessed knowledge components (p<0.001). However, the dispensing criteria evaluated with simulated patient methodology showed no statistically significant differences between groups in the pharmacy staff's skills and attitudes in real practice.
Providing a continuing education program using different educational strategies improved the pharmacy staff's competencies (assessed knowledge and self-reported skills and attitudes) to enhance the use of drugs with fiscalized substances. However, there were no improvements in skills and attitudes in real practice. These findings could show that pharmacy staff needs additional and continuous training/sustainability.
使用无正确处方的含管制物质药物可能会导致不良副作用。药房工作人员需要提高自身能力（知识、技能和态度），以助力提供门诊药房服务并尽量减少用药错误。继续教育项目（CEP）有助于获取有关健康促进、疾病预防和合理用药的相关优质信息。
评估一项继续教育项目提高药房工作人员能力以加强含管制物质药物使用的有效性。
在哥伦比亚的药店和药房（门诊零售机构）开展了一项多中心、前瞻性、平行组、整群随机对照临床试验。干预组（IG）接受了一个继续教育项目：一个基于网络的社交网站、一门虚拟课程、一个配药信息系统以及面对面培训。对照组（CG）收到了关于正确用药的一般书面材料。我们测量了药房工作人员自我报告的技能、态度和知识得分，并使用模拟患者技术评估参与者在实际操作中的技能和态度。我们使用了为本研究设计的一份问卷，该问卷经一组专家评估、预试验且显示其Cronbach's α系数为0.96。
305家药店和药房被分为两组：干预组（n = 153）和对照组（n = 152）。在750名潜在参与者中，88%（n = 应改为659）同意参与。两组干预后药房工作人员自我报告的技能、态度和知识得分均高于基线水平；然而，干预组的得分在统计学上显著高于对照组。干预后，干预组的自我效能技能和态度提高了88%（25项中的22项），且在七个评估的知识组成部分中的六个方面有所提高（p < 0.001）。然而，用模拟患者方法评估的配药标准在实际操作中显示，两组药房工作人员的技能和态度之间没有统计学上的显著差异。
采用不同教育策略提供继续教育项目提高了药房工作人员在加强含管制物质药物使用方面的能力（评估的知识以及自我报告的技能和态度）。然而，实际操作中的技能和态度并无改善。这些发现可能表明药房工作人员需要额外的持续培训/可持续性发展。
