Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Jan;27(2):547-559. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202301_31056.
Diabetes is an important endocrinological disease that has an increasing incidence in the world and affects all biological tissues including testicles. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the histological and biochemical effects of vitamin D on irisin, apoptosis, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in testicular tissues of rats with experimental diabetes.
41 male Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks old, weighing between 200-220 g, were included in the study as the following groups: control group (n=7; no treatment), sham group [only sodium citrate buffer (SCB)] [n=7; single dose 0.1 Molar (M) SCB given intraperitoneally (i.p)], vitamin D group (n=7; 50 IU/day given orally), diabetes group [n=10; single dose 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 0.1 M SCB and given i.p (tail vein blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl after 72 hours)] and diabetes+vitamin D group [n=10, single dose 50 mg/kg STZ, dissolved in 0.1 M SCB and given i.p (tail vein blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl after 72 hours) and when diabetes occurs, oral vitamin D administration of 50 IU/day)]. At the end of the 8 weeks experiment, blood was drawn from the tail vein of all rats, they were sacrificed and testicular tissues were taken. While the amount of irisin in the blood and testicular tissue supernatants was analyzed with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, TAS and TOS measurements were analyzed with the REL method, testicular tissues were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and with the TUNEL method.
When the diabetes group was compared with the control and sham groups, it was reported that the amounts of blood and tissue supernatant irisin and TAS significantly decreased and the TOS was significantly increased; a statistically significant increase in irisin and TAS of blood and tissue supernatants and a significant decrease in TOS were detected when diabetes+vitamin D and diabetes groups were compared among themselves. Similar results were obtained in the immunohistochemical studies. Tissue expressions of irisin decreased in the diabetes group compared to the control and sham groups, while the application of vitamin D increased the tissue expressions of irisin. Additionally, when the numbers of apoptotic cells were compared, it was reported that apoptotic cells in the diabetes group increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups, and vitamin D administration significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells.
Taken together, vitamin D administration to diabetic rats decreased the number of apoptotic cells and increased the amount of irisin. Vitamin D had an effective role in maintaining the physiological integrity of rat testicular tissues, so vitamin D may be a potent agent to be used in the treatment of diabetes in the future.
糖尿病是一种重要的内分泌疾病，其发病率在全球呈上升趋势，影响包括睾丸在内的所有生物组织。因此，本研究旨在揭示维生素 D 对实验性糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织中鸢尾素、细胞凋亡、总抗氧化状态 (TAS) 和总氧化状态 (TOS) 的组织学和生化影响。
将 41 只 8-10 周龄、体重 200-220g 的雄性 Wistar 大鼠纳入研究，分为以下几组：对照组（n=7；未治疗）、假手术组[仅给予柠檬酸缓冲液 (SCB) 0.1M 单剂量（i.p.）] [n=7]；维生素 D 组（n=7；每日口服 50IU）；糖尿病组[n=10；单次给予 50mg/kg 链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 溶于 0.1M SCB 并经尾静脉给药（72 小时后静脉血葡萄糖水平高于 250mg/dl）]和糖尿病+维生素 D 组[n=10，单次给予 50mg/kg STZ，溶于 0.1M SCB 并经尾静脉给药（72 小时后静脉血葡萄糖水平高于 250mg/dl），当发生糖尿病时，给予 50IU/天的口服维生素 D]）。在 8 周实验结束时，从所有大鼠的尾静脉采血，处死并取睾丸组织。采用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 法分析血液和睾丸组织上清液中鸢尾素的含量，采用 REL 法分析 TAS 和 TOS 测量值，采用组织病理学、免疫组织化学和 TUNEL 法分析睾丸组织。
与对照组和假手术组相比，糖尿病组的血液和组织上清液中鸢尾素和 TAS 的量明显减少，而 TOS 明显增加；与糖尿病组相比，糖尿病+维生素 D 组和糖尿病组自身比较时，血液和组织上清液中鸢尾素和 TAS 的量明显增加，TOS 明显减少。免疫组织化学研究也得到了类似的结果。与对照组和假手术组相比，糖尿病组的组织中鸢尾素表达减少，而维生素 D 的应用增加了组织中鸢尾素的表达。此外，当比较凋亡细胞数量时，与对照组和假手术组相比，糖尿病组的凋亡细胞数量显著增加，而维生素 D 给药显著减少了凋亡细胞的数量。
综上所述，给糖尿病大鼠补充维生素 D 可减少凋亡细胞数量并增加鸢尾素的含量。维生素 D 在维持大鼠睾丸组织的生理完整性方面发挥了有效作用，因此维生素 D 可能成为未来治疗糖尿病的有效药物。
