Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
Universitäts-HNO Klinik Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
HNO. 2023 Aug;71(Suppl 1):35-43. doi: 10.1007/s00106-022-01249-8. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Olfactory disorders may be temporary or permanent and can have various causes. Currently, many COVID-19 patients report a reduced or complete loss of olfactory function. A wide range of treatment options have been investigated in the past, such as olfactory training, acupuncture, medical therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or surgical excision of olfactory epithelium, e.g., in severe qualitative smell disorders. The development of a bioelectric nose, e.g., in connection with direct electrical stimulation or transplantation of olfactory epithelium or stem cells, represent treatment options of the future. The basis of these developments and the state of knowledge is discussed in the following work.
嗅觉障碍可能是暂时的或永久性的，其病因也多种多样。目前，许多 COVID-19 患者报告嗅觉功能减退或完全丧失。过去已经研究了许多治疗选择，例如嗅觉训练、针灸、药物治疗、经颅磁刺激或手术切除嗅上皮，例如在严重的定性嗅觉障碍中。生物电子鼻的发展，例如与直接电刺激或嗅上皮或干细胞移植相结合，代表了未来的治疗选择。以下工作讨论了这些发展的基础和现有知识。
