Friedrich Julian, Münch Anne-Kristin, Thiel Ansgar, Voelter-Mahlknecht Susanne, Sudeck Gorden
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institute of Sports Science, Wilhelmstraße 124, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Medical University of Tübingen, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Silcherstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Health Promot Int. 2023 Feb 1;38(1). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daac182.
Occupational health literacy (OHL) is a domain-specific approach that can empower people to make health-appropriate decisions in the work environment. OHL comprises the knowledge, skills and willingness of people to access and process health-related information and to apply it in work situations. The aim of this study was to evolve a conceptual model and validate a scale for OHL, that can be used in many sectors in the Western industrial countries, which does not yet exist. After piloting, item selection and alteration were carried out in a pretest with n = 163 working adults in diverse small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany. The resulting OHL items were validated in a main survey with n = 828 participants working in small- and medium-sized enterprises and among them 47.5% people with migration background. The final 12-item questionnaire had good structural characteristics and is reliable and valid for measuring OHL. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, good fit indices (root mean square error of approximation = 0.063, comparative fit index = 0.940) confirmed a two-factor structure: (i) knowledge and skill-based processing of health information (internal consistency α = 0.88) and (ii) willingness and responsibility for occupational health (α = 0.74). The OHL scale fills the gap regarding domain-specific OHL questionnaires for working adults in diverse sectors in Western industrial countries. The Occupational Health Literacy Scale can be used to identify the needs of employees and companies and then to adapt and evaluate health promotion measures. Further research could include validation and use in other countries and large companies.
职业健康素养（OHL）是一种特定领域的方法，它能够使人们在工作环境中做出有益于健康的决策。职业健康素养包括人们获取和处理与健康相关信息并将其应用于工作场景的知识、技能和意愿。本研究的目的是构建一个概念模型并验证一个适用于西方工业国家众多行业的职业健康素养量表，而目前该量表尚不存在。在进行试点后，对德国163名来自不同中小企业的在职成年人进行了预测试，进行了项目选择和修改。在一项针对828名中小企业员工的主要调查中对最终确定的职业健康素养项目进行了验证，其中47.5%的人有移民背景。最终的12项问卷具有良好的结构特征，对于测量职业健康素养是可靠且有效的。使用探索性结构方程模型，良好的拟合指数（近似均方根误差=0.063，比较拟合指数=0.940）证实了一个两因素结构：（i）基于知识和技能的健康信息处理（内部一致性α=0.88）和（ii）职业健康的意愿和责任（α=0.74）。该职业健康素养量表填补了西方工业国家不同行业在职成年人特定领域职业健康素养问卷的空白。职业健康素养量表可用于识别员工和公司的需求，进而调整和评估健康促进措施。进一步的研究可包括在其他国家和大公司进行验证和应用。
