Zhou Shanyu, Chen Huiqing, Wu Junle, Xia Bing, Yu Xinyang, Huang Manqi, Yang Min
Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 26;13:1632185. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1632185. eCollection 2025.
Essential service workers are exposed to significant occupational health risks. Low occupational health literacy (OHL) has been linked to increased risks of occupational injuries and work-related illnesses. However, limited evidence exists regarding the OHL of essential service workers and the impact of enterprise characteristics on OHL. This study aimed to examine the associations between enterprise characteristics and OHL among essential service workers in Guangdong Province, China.
Cross-sectional study.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,640 essential service workers from the environmental sanitation ( = 880), transportation ( = 880), and express and food delivery industries ( = 880), using multi-stage cluster random sampling. OHL was assessed using the National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire, which measures four dimensions: knowledge of occupational health laws, knowledge of occupational health protection, skills of occupational health protection, and healthy work patterns and behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between enterprise characteristics (scale, ownership, industry) and OHL, with stratified analyses by monthly income.
The overall OHL level among essential service workers was 52.8%. Working in small and micro enterprises (adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-1.72) and private enterprises (adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.55) was associated with higher OHL, while employment in the express and food delivery industry was associated with lower OHL (adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.82). Monthly income significantly moderated these associations, with stronger effects observed in higher-income groups.
Enterprise characteristics significantly influence OHL among essential service workers. Targeted OHL promotion strategies should be developed based on enterprise characteristics, with particular attention to large, state-owned enterprises and express and food delivery workers.
关键服务行业工作者面临重大职业健康风险。低职业健康素养与职业伤害和工作相关疾病风险增加有关。然而，关于关键服务行业工作者的职业健康素养以及企业特征对职业健康素养的影响，现有证据有限。本研究旨在探讨中国广东省关键服务行业工作者的企业特征与职业健康素养之间的关联。
横断面研究。
采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，对来自环境卫生（n = 880）、交通运输（n = 880）以及快递和食品配送行业（n = 880）的2640名关键服务行业工作者进行横断面调查。使用《国家职业健康素养监测问卷》评估职业健康素养，该问卷测量四个维度：职业健康法律知识、职业健康防护知识、职业健康防护技能以及健康工作模式与行为。采用多变量逻辑回归分析企业特征（规模、所有制、行业）与职业健康素养之间的关联，并按月收入进行分层分析。
关键服务行业工作者的总体职业健康素养水平为52.8%。在小微企业工作（调整比值比[OR]=1.42，95%置信区间[CI]：1.17 - 1.72）和民营企业工作（调整OR = 1.28，95% CI：1.05 - 1.55）与较高的职业健康素养相关，而在快递和食品配送行业就业与较低的职业健康素养相关（调整OR = 0.64，95% CI：0.49 - 0.82）。月收入显著调节了这些关联，在高收入群体中观察到更强的影响。
企业特征显著影响关键服务行业工作者的职业健康素养。应根据企业特征制定有针对性的职业健康素养提升策略，尤其要关注大型国有企业以及快递和食品配送行业工作者。
