School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China.
College of Life Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2023 Feb;190:105298. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105298. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
Fusarium crown rot of wheat is a serious fungal disease that occurs worldwide. The disease has been emerging in the major wheat-growing areas in China since 2010. Fusarium pseudogramineaum is the predominant causative pathogen of crown rot of wheat in China. The 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide metconazole has been shown to be effective against Fusarium spp., but little is known about its specific activity against F. pseudogramineaum. Metconazole exhibited strong antifungal activities against all thirty-nine F. pseudogramineaum strains collected from the major wheat-growing areas in China. Metconazole inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germ tube elongation of F. pseudograminearum. Metconazole treatment significantly reduced the production of major toxins and the expression levels of toxin biosynthesis genes. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of F. pseudograminearum in response to metconazole indicated that the expression of genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, including fungicide target genes (cyp51 genes), was significantly induced by metconazole. Nine ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-encoding genes were significantly expressed in response to metconazole treatment. Reduced ergosterol production and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed after metconazole treatment. Greenhouse experiments indicated a significant reduction in crown rot occurrence in wheat after seed treatment with metconazole. This study evaluated the potential of metconazole to manage wheat crown rot and provides information to understand its antifungal activities and mechanism of action against F. pseudograminearum.
小麦镰刀菌根腐病是一种严重的真菌病害，广泛分布于世界各地。自 2010 年以来，该病害在中国主要小麦种植区时有发生。禾谷镰刀菌是中国小麦镰刀菌根腐病的主要病原菌。14α-脱甲基抑制剂（DMI）杀菌剂戊唑醇对镰刀菌属具有良好的防治效果，但对其防治禾谷镰刀菌的具体活性知之甚少。戊唑醇对中国主要小麦种植区采集的 39 株禾谷镰刀菌表现出较强的抑菌活性。戊唑醇抑制禾谷镰刀菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发。戊唑醇处理显著降低了主要毒素的产生和毒素生物合成基因的表达水平。禾谷镰刀菌对戊唑醇的全基因组转录组分析表明，与甾醇生物合成相关的基因（包括杀菌剂靶标基因（cyp51 基因））的表达显著被戊唑醇诱导。9 个ATP 结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白编码基因对戊唑醇处理表现出显著的表达。戊唑醇处理后，麦角固醇的产生和抗氧化酶活性降低。温室试验表明，用戊唑醇种子处理可显著降低小麦根腐病的发生。本研究评价了戊唑醇防治小麦根腐病的潜力，为了解其对禾谷镰刀菌的抑菌活性和作用机制提供了信息。
