Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Properties of Two Herbs ( and ) and One Tree () Species.

Phytochemicals present in medicinal plants (herbs, shrubs, and trees) are endowed with high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of , and Chemical composition of the plant extracts was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activities were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) scavenging assays. The antifungal activity of plant extracts and their combinations with antifungals was evaluated against eleven . using the broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The quantitative chemical analysis of the extracts of , and showed that they contain phenols, tannins, and flavonoids that vary according to the plant species and extracts. All the plant extracts presented promising antifungal (MIC = 64-2048 g/mL) and antioxidant activities. The extract of displayed the highest antifungal (MIC = 64-256 g/mL) and antioxidant (IC = 19.052 ± 1.11 g/mL) activities which can be explained by its high phenolic content. Interestingly, extracts of , , and displayed synergistic effects (fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI ≤ 0.5) with ketoconazole against clinical resistant isolates. The results of the present study demonstrate promising antifungal and antioxidant activities of the tested plants that are associated to their phenol, tannin, and flavonoid contents. Hence, extracts of and could be deeply investigated as antifungal alone and in combination with conventional antifungal drugs to treat infections caused by .