Qualitative, Quantitative, Cytotoxic, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Characteristics of from Palestine.

is one of the traditional medicinal plants that grows in the arid area of the Al-Naqab desert in Palestine and is used by Bedouins to heal various communicable and non-communicable illnesses. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of aqueous, methanol, acetone, and hexane extracts and evaluate their cytotoxic, anti-oxidative, and antimicrobial properties. Qualitative phytochemical tests were used to identify the major phytochemical classes in extracts, while total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and vanillin assays, respectively. Moreover, a microdilution test was employed to estimate the antimicrobial activity of extracts against several microbial species. At the same time, the cytotoxic and free radical scavenging effects were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays, respectively. Quantitative examinations showed that the highest amounts of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins were noticed in the aqueous extract. Moreover, aqueous extract showed potent activity against methicillin-resistant even more than Amoxicillin and Ofloxacin antibiotics, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of 0.78 ± 0.01, 0, and 1.56 ± 0.03 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the aqueous extract exhibited the highest activity against and pathogens, with MIC values of 0.78 ± 0.01 µg/mL. Actually, the aqueous extract showed more potent antimold activity than Ketoconazole against with MICs of 0.78 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, all extracts showed potential cytotoxic effects against breast cancer (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B and Hep G2), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) tumor cell lines. In addition, the highest free radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by aqueous extract compared with Trolox with IC doses of 6.16 ± 0.75 and 2.23 ± 0.57 µg/mL, respectively. Studying aqueous extract could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases such as antibiotic-resistant microbes and cancer, as well as for oxidative stress-related disorders such as oxidative stress. aqueous extract may help in the design of novel natural preservatives and therapeutic agents.