Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Apr;79:102685. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102685. Epub 2023 Feb 4.
Astrocytes play a key role in processing information at synapses, by controlling synapse formation, modulating synapse strength and terminating neurotransmitter action. They release ATP to shape brain activity but it is unclear how, as astrocyte processes contact many targets and ATP-mediated effects are diverse and numerous. Here, I review recent studies showing how astrocytic ATP modulates cellular mechanisms in nearby neurons and glia in the grey and white matter, how it affects signal transmission in these areas, and how it modulates behavioural outputs. I attempt to provide a flowchart of astrocytic ATP signalling, showing that it tends to inhibit neural circuits to match energy demands.
星形胶质细胞在突触处的信息处理中发挥着关键作用，它们控制着突触的形成、调节突触强度并终止神经递质的作用。它们释放 ATP 来塑造大脑活动，但尚不清楚具体机制，因为星形胶质细胞的突起与许多靶点接触，而 ATP 介导的效应是多样且众多的。在这里，我回顾了最近的研究，这些研究表明星形胶质细胞的 ATP 如何调节灰质和白质中附近神经元和神经胶质细胞的细胞机制，它如何影响这些区域的信号传递，以及它如何调节行为输出。我试图提供一个星形胶质细胞 ATP 信号传递的流程图，表明它往往会抑制神经回路以匹配能量需求。
