Brazo Sayavera Javier, Crochemore-Silva Inácio, Bizzozero Peroni Bruno, González-Gálvez Noelia, de Camargo Edina Maria, López-Gil José Francisco
Department of Sports and Computer Science. Universidad Pablo de Olavide.
Centro Internacional de Equidade em Saúde. Universidade Federal de Pelotas.
Nutr Hosp. 2023 Apr 20;40(2):391-399. doi: 10.20960/nh.04225.
Objective: this study analyzed the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness among Spanish and Brazilian youths during the COVID-19 lockdown according to several inequality indicators. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with parents and guardians of children and adolescents from Spain and Brazil. The evaluation process was through the use of online questionnaires. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents. Proxy-reported physical fitness was determined using the International Fitness Scale. Inequality indicators (gender, nationality, socioeconomic status, and parents/guardians' education level) were evaluated with a survey completed by the participants' parents/guardians. Binary logistic regression models estimated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness, with stratification according to inequality variables. A total sample of 1,099 Spanish and Brazilian individuals (47.6% girls, aged 3 to 17 years) were included in the analysis. Results: compared to the "improvement needed to Mediterranean diet" category, the "optimal Mediterranean diet" group was significantly associated with "very good" physical fitness in boys (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.1) and in participants with parents/legal guardians' education level without university studies (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.4). Conclusions: gender and parents/guardians' education level plays a significant role in the association between the "optimal Mediterranean Diet" and "very good" physical fitness level in Spanish and Brazilian children and adolescents. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate the role of inequality indicators in this relationship.
本研究根据若干不平等指标，分析了西班牙和巴西青少年在新冠疫情封锁期间坚持地中海饮食与代理报告的身体健康之间的关联。方法：我们对来自西班牙和巴西的儿童及青少年的父母和监护人进行了一项横断面研究。评估过程通过在线问卷进行。使用儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数评估对地中海饮食的坚持情况。使用国际体能量表确定代理报告的身体健康状况。不平等指标（性别、国籍、社会经济地位以及父母/监护人的教育水平）通过参与者的父母/监护人完成的一项调查进行评估。二元逻辑回归模型估计了坚持地中海饮食与代理报告的身体健康之间的关联，并根据不平等变量进行分层。分析纳入了1099名西班牙和巴西个体的总样本（47.6%为女孩，年龄在3至17岁之间）。结果：与“地中海饮食需要改进”类别相比，“最佳地中海饮食”组在男孩中（比值比=1.5；95%置信区间：1.0 - 2.1）以及在父母/法定监护人教育水平未达到大学学历的参与者中（比值比=1.5；95%置信区间：1.0 - 2.4）与“非常好”的身体健康显著相关。结论：性别和父母/监护人的教育水平在西班牙和巴西儿童及青少年中，“最佳地中海饮食”与“非常好”的身体健康水平之间的关联中起着重要作用。未来需要进行前瞻性研究来调查不平等指标在这种关系中的作用。
