Castillo Juan Carlos, Bonhomme Macarena, Miranda Daniel, Iturra Julio
Department of Sociology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Front Sociol. 2023 Jan 23;7:1009567. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.1009567. eCollection 2022.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social interactions and coexistence around the globe in dimensions that go far beyond health issues. In the case of the Global South, the pandemic has developed along with growing South-South migratory movements, becoming another key factor that might reinforce social conflict in increasingly multicultural areas as migrants have historically served as "scapegoats" for unexpected crises as a way to control and manage diversity. Chile is one of the main destination countries for migrants from the Latin American and Caribbean region, and COVID-19 outbreaks in migrant housing have intensified discrimination. In such a context, there is a need for understanding how the pandemic has potentially changed the way non-migrants perceive and interact with migrant neighbors. Drawing on the national social cohesion panel survey study ELSOC (2016-2021, = 2,927) the aim is to analyze the changes in non-migrants' attitudes toward migrants-related to dimensions of social cohesion-over the last years and their relation with individual status and territorial factors. We argue that social cohesion in increasingly multicultural societies is partially threatened in times of crisis. The results indicate that after the pandemic, convivial attitudes toward Latin American migrants decreased. Chileans started perceiving them more negatively, particularly those respondents with lower educational levels and who live in increasingly multicultural neighborhoods with higher rates of migrant residents.
新冠疫情对全球社会互动与共存的影响，其维度远远超出了健康问题。在全球南方的情况下，疫情随着南南移民流动的增加而发展，成为另一个可能加剧多元文化地区社会冲突的关键因素，因为移民在历史上一直被当作应对意外危机的“替罪羊”，以此来控制和管理多样性。智利是拉丁美洲和加勒比地区移民的主要目的地国之一，移民住房中的新冠疫情爆发加剧了歧视。在这种背景下，有必要了解疫情如何潜在地改变了非移民对移民邻居的认知和互动方式。借鉴全国社会凝聚力小组调查研究ELSOC（2016 - 2021年，样本量 = 2927），目的是分析过去几年非移民对与社会凝聚力维度相关的移民的态度变化，以及这些变化与个人状况和地域因素的关系。我们认为，在危机时期，多元文化程度日益提高的社会中的社会凝聚力会受到部分威胁。结果表明，疫情之后，对拉丁美洲移民的友好态度有所下降。智利人开始对他们有更负面的看法，特别是那些教育程度较低、居住在移民居民比例较高的多元文化社区的受访者。
