Feng Xinting, Peng Zhen, Yuan Lingyi, Jin Ming, Hu Haijian, Peng Xin, Wang Yaohua, Zhang Chun, Luo Zhiwen, Liao Hongfei
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China.
Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Jan 24;11:1100310. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1100310. eCollection 2023.
Exosomes are natural extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, which exist in biological fluids and contain biomolecules related to the parent cell, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. It has a wide range of biological functions, and participates in the regulation of important physiological and pathological activities of the body. It can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of ocular diseases, a potential therapeutic target, a targeted drug carrier, and has a high potential for clinical application. In this paper, we summarized the genesis mechanism, biological functions, research and application progress of exosomes, focused on the engineering strategy of exosomes, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of common engineering exosome preparation methods. Systematically combed the role of exosomes in corneal diseases, glaucoma, and retinal diseases, to provide a reference for further understanding of the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular diseases. Finally, we further summarized the opportunities and challenges of exosomes for precision medicine. The extension of exosome research to the field of ophthalmology will help advance current diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Tiny exosomes have huge potential.
外泌体是直径为30-150纳米的天然细胞外囊泡，存在于生物体液中，包含与母细胞相关的生物分子，如蛋白质、核酸、脂质等。它具有广泛的生物学功能，参与机体重要生理和病理活动的调节。它可用作眼部疾病早期诊断的生物标志物、潜在治疗靶点、靶向药物载体，具有较高的临床应用潜力。本文综述了外泌体的生成机制、生物学功能、研究及应用进展，重点阐述了外泌体的工程策略，并总结了常见工程化外泌体制备方法的优缺点。系统梳理了外泌体在角膜疾病、青光眼和视网膜疾病中的作用，为进一步了解外泌体在眼部疾病发病机制、诊断和治疗中的作用提供参考。最后，我们进一步总结了外泌体在精准医学方面的机遇与挑战。将外泌体研究扩展到眼科领域将有助于推动当前的诊断和治疗方法。微小的外泌体具有巨大的潜力。
