Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Healthcare Organisation, Research Unit, Arrasate-Mondragón, Guipúzcoa, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 25;10:1096837. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1096837. eCollection 2022.
Centenarians exhibit extreme longevity and have been postulated, by some researchers, as a model for healthy aging. The identification of the characteristics of centenarians might be useful to understand the process of human aging.
In this retrospective study, we took advantage of demographic, clinical, biological, and functional data of deceased individuals between 2014 and 2020 in Guipúzcoa (Basque Country, Spain) taken from the Basque Health Service electronic health records data lake. Fifty characteristics derived from demographic, clinical, pharmaceutical, biological, and functional data were studied in the descriptive analysis and compared through differences in means tests. Twenty-seven of them were used to build machine learning models in the predictive analysis and their relevance for classifying centenarians was assessed.
Most centenarians were women and lived in nursing homes. Importantly, they developed fewer diseases, took fewer drugs, and required fewer medical attendances. They also showed better biological profiles, exhibiting lower levels of glucose, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and triglycerides in blood analysis compared with non-centenarians. In addition, machine learning analyses revealed the main characteristics of the profiles associated with centenarians' status as being women, having fewer consultations, having fewer diagnoses of neoplasms, and having lower levels of hemoglobin.
Our results revealed the main characteristics linked to centenarians in the Basque Country using Computational Biology programs. These results expand the knowledge on the characterization of the centenarian population and hence of human longevity.
百岁老人表现出了极端的长寿，一些研究人员推测他们是健康衰老的典范。确定百岁老人的特征可能有助于了解人类衰老的过程。
在这项回顾性研究中，我们利用了 2014 年至 2020 年间在西班牙巴斯克地区吉普鲁萨（Guipúzcoa）从巴斯克卫生服务电子健康记录数据湖中提取的已故个体的人口统计学、临床、生物学和功能数据。在描述性分析中研究了 50 个从人口统计学、临床、药物、生物学和功能数据中得出的特征，并通过均值检验比较了它们之间的差异。其中 27 个特征被用于建立预测分析中的机器学习模型，并评估它们对分类百岁老人的相关性。
大多数百岁老人是女性，居住在养老院。重要的是，她们患的疾病较少，服用的药物较少，就诊次数也较少。她们的生物学特征也更好，血液分析中的葡萄糖、血红蛋白、糖化血红蛋白和甘油三酯水平较低。此外，机器学习分析揭示了与百岁老人状态相关的特征主要是女性、就诊次数较少、肿瘤诊断较少以及血红蛋白水平较低。
我们的研究结果使用计算生物学程序揭示了巴斯克地区百岁老人的主要特征。这些结果扩展了对百岁老人人口特征的认识，进而扩展了对人类长寿的认识。
