Cruces-Salguero Sara, Sol Joaquim, Larrañaga Igor, Pamplona Reinald, Mar Javier, Jove Mariona, Matheu Ander
Cellular Oncology Group, Biogipuzkoa (Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
Catalan Health Institute, Lleida Research Support Unit, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca en Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Lleida, Spain.
Geroscience. 2025 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01470-z.
Disability and multimorbidity increase with aging and constitute a challenge for the health system. However, different individuals display different aging trajectories, and understanding the underlying relationships between lifespan and disease is fundamental for identifying the different patterns in human lifespan. A previous study explored associations between lifespan and age of onset of diseases of different organ systems, prevalence of escapers, and percentage of life free of disease (health span), comparing them between genders in Catalonian population. In this retrospective study, we analyzed a cohort of 41,063 old individuals (20,722 men, with a mean lifespan of 79 years [50-109], and 20,341 women, with a mean lifespan of 84 years [50-109]) deceased between 2014 and 2019 in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain) taken from the Basque Health Service electronic health records data lake and analyzed and contrasted the above cited characteristics. Longevity, defined by age above the mean lifespan of the population, showed a protective effect against developing diseases, with higher lifespans delaying the onset of all diseases both at single and multisystemic levels. Furthermore, individuals with the lowest and highest lifespans were the ones presenting the healthier profiles, with fewer systems altered. There were specific differences according to sex, with women exhibiting decreased mortality risk despite having greater multimorbidity and men having less multimorbidity. In addition, men reached the highest lifespans with a smaller number of comorbidities. These results define the aging trajectories of the Basque population, extend the characterization of the human aging, and provide insight into sex-specific differences in multimorbidity and survival risk.
残疾和多种疾病随着年龄增长而增加，对卫生系统构成挑战。然而，不同个体呈现出不同的衰老轨迹，了解寿命与疾病之间的潜在关系对于识别人类寿命的不同模式至关重要。此前一项研究探讨了寿命与不同器官系统疾病的发病年龄、未患疾病者的患病率以及无病生存期（健康寿命）百分比之间的关联，并在加泰罗尼亚人群中对男女进行了比较。在这项回顾性研究中，我们分析了2014年至2019年间在西班牙巴斯克地区吉普斯夸省死亡的41063名老年人队列（20722名男性，平均寿命79岁[50 - 109岁]，20341名女性，平均寿命84岁[50 - 109岁]），这些数据来自巴斯克卫生服务电子健康记录数据湖，并对上述特征进行了分析和对比。以高于人群平均寿命的年龄定义的长寿，对疾病发生具有保护作用，寿命越长，在单一和多系统层面都能延迟所有疾病的发病。此外，寿命最短和最长的个体呈现出更健康的状况，受影响的系统更少。根据性别存在特定差异，女性尽管患有更多的多种疾病，但死亡风险降低，而男性患多种疾病的情况较少。此外，男性在患较少合并症的情况下达到了最高寿命。这些结果定义了巴斯克人群的衰老轨迹，扩展了对人类衰老的特征描述，并深入了解了多种疾病和生存风险方面的性别差异。
