Park Jang Hyun, Lee Heung Kyu
Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2023 Jan;11(1):39-46. doi: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0043.
Oxygen is a vital component of living cells. Low levels of oxygen in body tissues, known as hypoxia, can affect multiple cellular functions across a variety of cell types and are a hallmark of brain tumors. In the tumor microenvironment, abnormal vasculature and enhanced oxygen consumption by tumor cells induce broad hypoxia that affects not only tumor cell characteristics but also the antitumor immune system. Although some immune reactions require hypoxia, hypoxia generally negatively affects immunity. Hypoxia induces tumor cell invasion, cellular adaptations to hypoxia, and tumor cell radioresistance. In addition, hypoxia limits the efficacy of immunotherapy and hinders antitumor responses. Therefore, understanding the role of hypoxia in the brain tumor, which usually does not respond to immunotherapy alone is important for the development of effective anti-tumor therapies. In this review, we discuss recent evidence supporting the role of hypoxia in the context of brain tumors.
氧气是活细胞的重要组成部分。身体组织中低水平的氧气，即缺氧，可影响多种细胞类型的多种细胞功能，是脑肿瘤的一个标志。在肿瘤微环境中，异常的血管系统和肿瘤细胞增加的氧消耗会导致广泛的缺氧，这不仅会影响肿瘤细胞的特性，还会影响抗肿瘤免疫系统。虽然一些免疫反应需要缺氧，但缺氧通常会对免疫产生负面影响。缺氧会诱导肿瘤细胞侵袭、细胞对缺氧的适应以及肿瘤细胞的放射抗性。此外，缺氧会限制免疫疗法的疗效并阻碍抗肿瘤反应。因此，了解缺氧在通常对单独免疫疗法无反应的脑肿瘤中的作用，对于开发有效的抗肿瘤疗法很重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了支持缺氧在脑肿瘤背景下作用的最新证据。
