Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo, Av. dos Autonomistas, 1325, CEP 06020-015 Osasco, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Investigação Médica 06, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Arch Oral Biol. 2023 Mar;147:105631. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105631. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
This review article aims to summarize the existing data on the history, biology and potential pathogenicity of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in periodontal disease, as well as the available techniques for laboratory diagnosis.
A detailed review of scientific literature available up to October 1, 2022 in three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) was performed relevant to biology, biochemistry, epidemiology, and experimental studies on infection by E. gingivalis and T. tenax, as well as laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of both protozoa in periodontal diseases.
Accumulated evidence over the decades indicates that the protozoa E. gingivalis and T. tenax are able to interact with host cells and induce inflammation in the periodontal tissue by promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and the recruitment of neutrophils, contributing to the periodontal disease process. Among the available techniques for the laboratory diagnosis, culture and molecular assays seems to be the best tools for detection of both protozoan parasites.
E. gingivalis and T. tenax are potentially pathogens that colonize the oral cavity of humans and may cause periodontal disease.
本文综述了牙龈内阿米巴和阴道毛滴虫在牙周病中的历史、生物学和潜在致病性，以及实验室诊断的现有技术。
对截至 2022 年 10 月 1 日在三个数据库（PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中可用的有关牙龈内阿米巴和阴道毛滴虫的生物学、生物化学、流行病学和感染实验研究，以及牙周病中两种原生动物的实验室诊断技术的科学文献进行了详细回顾。
几十年来积累的证据表明，原生动物牙龈内阿米巴和阴道毛滴虫能够与宿主细胞相互作用，并通过促进促炎分子的表达和中性粒细胞的募集，在牙周组织中引发炎症，从而促进牙周病的发生发展。在现有的实验室诊断技术中，培养和分子检测似乎是检测两种原生动物寄生虫的最佳工具。
牙龈内阿米巴和阴道毛滴虫是定植于人类口腔的潜在病原体，可能导致牙周病。
