Miranda Bruno Pires, Miglionico Marcos Tobias de Santana, Dos Reis Rhagner Bonono, Ascenção Júlia de Castro, Santos Helena Lúcia Carneiro
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2025 Apr 8;13(4):846. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040846.
Until recently, bacterial species were the primary etiological factor of periodontal disease, but recent studies have shown that their effective removal from tooth surfaces does not necessarily prevent the progression of the disease. A logical hypothesis leads to the conclusion that various etiological factors contribute to the etiopathogenesis of this disease. Recent evidence also indicates protozoa as potential pathogens. In this review, the role of , spp., and in periodontal disease was analyzed, and the various aspects of the role of protozoa in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, the bacterial-protozoa model of the disease, and the therapeutic implications were categorized. The multifactorial nature of periodontal disorders requires further research to better identify individuals at risk and prescribe earlier and more definitive treatments. The evidence supporting the role of protozoa in periodontal disease is compelling. These organisms are essential contributors to this complex disease. The key to developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies lies in understanding the intricate interactions between protozoa, bacteria, and the host. A better understanding of the protozoa aspect of periodontal disease progression could significantly change the future perspective of diagnosing, preventing, and treating periodontal disease.
直到最近，细菌种类一直是牙周疾病的主要病因，但最近的研究表明，将它们从牙齿表面有效清除并不一定能阻止疾病的进展。一个合理的假设得出的结论是，多种病因促成了这种疾病的发病机制。最近的证据还表明原生动物是潜在病原体。在这篇综述中，分析了[具体原生动物种类1]、[具体原生动物种类2]和[具体原生动物种类3]在牙周疾病中的作用，并对原生动物在牙周疾病发病机制中的作用、该疾病的细菌 - 原生动物模型以及治疗意义的各个方面进行了分类。牙周疾病的多因素性质需要进一步研究，以更好地识别高危个体并制定更早、更确切的治疗方案。支持原生动物在牙周疾病中作用的证据很有说服力。这些生物体是这种复杂疾病的重要促成因素。制定更有效预防和治疗策略的关键在于理解原生动物、细菌和宿主之间复杂的相互作用。更好地理解牙周疾病进展中原生动物这一方面，可能会显著改变未来牙周疾病诊断、预防和治疗的前景。
