San Francisco, California, USA
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Tob Control. 2024 Mar 19;33(e1):e108-e115. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057296.
In October 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised marketing of RJ Reynolds Vapor Company's (RJR) Vuse Solo e-cigarette through FDA's Premarket Tobacco Product Application (PMTA) pathway. FDA concluded that RJR demonstrated Vuse products met the statutory standard of providing a net benefit to public health. A review of FDA's scientific justification reveals deficiencies: (1) not adequately considering Vuse's popularity with youth and evidence that e-cigarettes expanded the nicotine market and stimulate cigarette smoking; (2) trading youth addiction for unproven adult benefit without quantifying these risks and benefits; (3) not considering design factors that appeal to youth; (4) not addressing evidence that e-cigarettes used as consumer products do not help smokers quit and promote relapse in former smokers; (5) not discussing evidence that dual use is more dangerous than smoking; (6) narrowly focusing on the fact that e-cigarettes deliver lower levels of some toxicants without addressing direct evidence on adverse health effects; (7) downplaying significant evidence of other substantial harms; (8) not acting on FDA's own study showing no all-cause mortality benefit of reducing (but not stopping) cigarette use; and (9) improperly considering e-cigarettes' high abuse liability and potential for high youth addiction and undermining tobacco cessation. Because marketing these products is not appropriate for the protection of the public health, FDA should reconsider its Vuse marketing order as statutorily required and not use it as a template for other e-cigarette PMTAs. Policymakers outside the USA should anticipate that tobacco companies will use FDA's decision to try to weaken tobacco control regulation of e-cigarettes and promote their products.
2021 年 10 月,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)通过 FDA 的预市场烟草产品申请(PMTA)途径授权 RJ Reynolds Vapor Company(RJR)的 Vuse Solo 电子烟上市。FDA 得出结论,RJR 证明了 Vuse 产品符合为公共健康提供净效益的法定标准。对 FDA 科学论证的审查揭示了其不足之处:(1)没有充分考虑到 Vuse 在年轻人中的流行程度,以及电子烟扩大尼古丁市场和刺激吸烟的证据;(2)用未经证实的成人受益来换取青少年成瘾,而没有对这些风险和收益进行量化;(3)没有考虑到吸引年轻人的设计因素;(4)没有解决电子烟作为消费品并不能帮助吸烟者戒烟和促进前吸烟者复吸的证据;(5)没有讨论电子烟双重使用比吸烟更危险的证据;(6)狭隘地关注电子烟传递的某些毒素水平较低的事实,而没有解决关于不良健康影响的直接证据;(7)淡化其他重大危害的重要证据;(8)没有对 FDA 自己的研究采取行动,该研究表明减少(但不是停止)吸烟并没有全因死亡率的益处;(9)不恰当地考虑电子烟的高滥用倾向和潜在的高青少年成瘾性,以及破坏戒烟。由于营销这些产品不适合保护公众健康,FDA 应按照法规要求重新考虑其对 Vuse 的营销命令,而不应将其作为其他电子烟 PMTA 的模板。美国以外的政策制定者应该预计,烟草公司将利用 FDA 的决定试图削弱对电子烟的烟草控制监管,并推广其产品。