Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
BMC Vet Res. 2023 Feb 11;19(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03585-5.
Water pollutants cause adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. The immunomodulatory and mitigating effects of dietary 1,3-glucan on fipronil and lead-induced intoxication in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were investigated. Two hundred forty catfish were randomly divided into four equal groups: those in the first group were fed basic diet and served as controls; those in the second group were supplemented with β-1,3-glucan (0.1%); those in the third group were exposed to combination of lead nitrate at 0.041 mg/L (1/10 96 h LC50) and fipronil at 2.8 mg/l (1/10 96 h LC50); and those in the fourth group were exposed to combination of fipronil, lead, and β-1,3-glucan. The health status, haematological, immunological, and histological changes were all evaluated.
Swelling on the dorsolateral side, spinal column deviation, sluggish movement, skin bleaching, excessive mucus secretion, significant variations in blood indices-related measures, and a 45% death rate were observed in the third group. There was a significant reduction in interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, as well as decrease in their corresponding gene expression, indicating that fipronil and lead had immunosuppressive activity. Severe catarrhal enteritis and mucinous degeneration of the lining epithelium, and notable depletion of white pulp, congested red pulp and hemosiderosis were common pathological findings in the spleen. β-1,3-glucan alone or in combination with fipronil and lead provoked physical activity, blood indices, with elevations in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IgM concentrations, as well as up-regulation in their genes' expression in splenic tissues, when compared to the third group. The spleen and intestine had normal histological architecture with 5% mortalities. There were no fish deaths in the β-1,3-glucan-alone or control groups.
The use of β-1,3-glucan (0.1%) as dietary supplement could be implemented to protect against the toxic effects of fipronil and lead toxicity by improving the health and immunological parameters of intoxicated catfish.
水污染会对水生生态系统造成不良影响。本研究旨在探讨饲料 1,3-葡聚糖对非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）因氟虫腈和铅诱导中毒的免疫调节和缓解作用。将 240 条鲶鱼随机分为四组，每组 60 条：第一组喂基础饲料作为对照组；第二组添加 0.1%β-1,3-葡聚糖；第三组暴露于浓度为 0.041mg/L（1/1096hLC50）的硝酸铅和 2.8mg/L（1/1096hLC50）氟虫腈的混合物中；第四组暴露于氟虫腈、铅和β-1,3-葡聚糖的混合物中。评估了各组鲶鱼的健康状况、血液学、免疫学和组织学变化。
第三组鲶鱼出现背部和侧部肿胀、脊柱弯曲、行动迟缓、皮肤白化、黏液分泌过多、血液指数相关指标显著变化，死亡率为 45%。白细胞介素-1（IL-1）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）浓度显著降低，相应基因表达也降低，表明氟虫腈和铅具有免疫抑制活性。鲶鱼脾脏常见的组织病理学变化包括卡他性肠炎和衬里上皮的黏液变性，以及白髓明显耗竭、红髓充血和含铁血黄素沉着。单独使用β-1,3-葡聚糖或与氟虫腈和铅联合使用可引起鲶鱼的活动增加，血液指数升高，IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6 和 IgM 浓度升高，脾脏组织中相应基因表达上调，与第三组相比。脾和肠组织的组织结构正常，死亡率为 5%。单独使用β-1,3-葡聚糖或对照组没有鱼死亡。
在饲料中添加 0.1%β-1,3-葡聚糖可以作为一种保护措施，通过改善中毒鲶鱼的健康和免疫参数来对抗氟虫腈和铅毒性的影响。
