Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Environmental Health (ICMR-NIREH), Bhopal, MP, 462030, India.
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, MP, 462020, India.
Glob Health Res Policy. 2023 Feb 10;8(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s41256-023-00287-1.
Tobacco is one of the biggest public health problems and a major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). An important aspect of tobacco control strategy could include modifications in the tobacco-related built environment. This study investigated the association between tobacco shop density and tobacco use prevalence in the urban slums of Bhopal city, India.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to obtain the distribution of tobacco-related built environment (tobacco shops) in the neighbourhood (400-m service area) of 32 urban slum clusters of Bhopal. We plotted this distribution using the 'network service area analysis' in ArcMap 10.7.1 software. Then, we used an ecological design to determine the association between tobacco shop density and tobacco use prevalence in these 32 clusters (N = 6214 adult inhabitants). We used multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the regression coefficient (adjusted for socio-demographic variables) between tobacco use and tobacco shop density at the cluster level.
The prevalence of tobacco use among all 32 slum clusters ranged from 22.1 to 59.6% (median 40.9% with IQR 31.8-44.2). There were 194 tobacco shops situated in the neighbourhood of all clusters. The median density of tobacco shops was 59.40/km (IQR 39.9-108.1/km) in the neighbourhoods of slum clusters. Tobacco use prevalence was significantly associated with tobacco shop density (estimate or B = 0.071, p value = 0.002) after adjusting for age, literacy, wealth index, and gender ratio.
Tobacco use prevalence is significantly associated with tobacco shop density in the slums of Bhopal city in central India. We need to develop appropriate built environment interventions to control rampant tobacco use.
烟草是最大的公共卫生问题之一，也是各种非传染性疾病（NCDs）的主要危险因素。烟草控制策略的一个重要方面可能包括对与烟草相关的建筑环境进行修改。本研究调查了印度博帕尔市城区贫民窟烟草店密度与烟草使用流行率之间的关系。
我们进行了一项横断面调查，以获得博帕尔市 32 个城区贫民窟邻里（400 米服务区域）内与烟草相关的建筑环境（烟草店）的分布情况。我们使用 ArcMap 10.7.1 软件中的“网络服务区域分析”绘制了这一分布情况。然后，我们使用生态设计方法来确定这 32 个集群中烟草店密度与烟草使用流行率之间的关联（N=6214 名成年居民）。我们使用多元线性回归分析来估计集群水平上烟草使用与烟草店密度之间的回归系数（调整了社会人口统计学变量）。
32 个贫民窟集群的烟草使用流行率范围为 22.1%至 59.6%（中位数为 40.9%，IQR 为 31.8-44.2）。所有集群的邻里中共有 194 家烟草店。贫民窟集群邻里烟草店的中位数密度为 59.40/km（IQR 为 39.9-108.1/km）。在调整年龄、文化程度、财富指数和性别比例后，烟草使用流行率与烟草店密度显著相关（估计值或 B=0.071，p 值=0.002）。
烟草使用流行率与印度中部博帕尔市城区贫民窟的烟草店密度显著相关。我们需要制定适当的建筑环境干预措施来控制猖獗的烟草使用。
