School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Guangdong Provincial Center for Urban and Migration Studies, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 19;20(3):1858. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031858.
China's economy has been experiencing a new development mode that emphasizes an environmentally friendly green economy and high living standards. The concept of human well-being has become increasingly prominent in recent years to replace GDP per capita as an important indicator for evaluating happiness. In the context of the green economy, it is of great significance to incorporate environmental indicators for evaluating human well-being. To this end, this paper constructs a new human well-being evaluation indicator system including environmental sustainability, and then evaluates the well-being levels of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 using a comprehensive evaluation method. Then, various statistical methods and visualization methods are used to deeply analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the well-being scores of Chinese provinces during the sample period. Finally, the spatial convergence model was used to verify if cross-province well-being scores would converge to a common steady state. The findings are as follows. (1) The scores of the environmental sustainability subsystem greatly vary from province to province. This is because the local governments have attached great importance to the construction of green ecological civilization in recent years, thus increasing the investment in protecting the ecological environment. (2) From temporal dimensions, overall human well-being scores of 30 provinces slightly increased year after year. In geography, eastern provinces have the highest human well-being scores, followed by northeast, northwest, and southwest provinces. (3) In terms of the scores of the four subsystems, we find that nearly all provinces have their advantages and disadvantages. (4) From the results of the spatial convergence models, both absolute and conditional β convergence have been verified, indicating that the human well-being of all provinces will converge to the common steady state in the future.
中国经济一直在经历一种新的发展模式，即强调环保的绿色经济和高标准的生活水平。近年来，人类福祉的概念越来越突出，取代人均国内生产总值成为评估幸福感的重要指标。在绿色经济背景下，将环境指标纳入人类福祉评估具有重要意义。为此，本文构建了一个包括环境可持续性在内的新的人类福祉评价指标体系，然后采用综合评价方法对中国 30 个省份 2011 年至 2020 年的福祉水平进行评价。然后，采用各种统计方法和可视化方法，深入分析了样本期间中国各省份福祉得分的时空变化。最后，使用空间收敛模型验证了各省的福祉得分是否会收敛到一个共同的稳定状态。结果如下：（1）环境可持续性子系统的得分在各省之间存在较大差异。这是因为近年来，地方政府高度重视绿色生态文明建设，加大了对生态环境保护的投入。（2）从时间维度看，30 个省份的总体人类福祉得分逐年略有上升。在地理上，东部省份的人类福祉得分最高，其次是东北、西北和西南省份。（3）就四个子系统的得分而言，我们发现几乎所有省份都有其优势和劣势。（4）从空间收敛模型的结果来看，绝对和条件β收敛都得到了验证，这表明未来所有省份的人类福祉都将收敛到共同的稳定状态。
