Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 30;24(3):2637. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032637.
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles regulating metabolism, cell death, and energy production. Therefore, maintaining mitochondrial health is critical for cellular homeostasis. Mitophagy and mitochondrial reorganization via fission and fusion are established mechanisms for ensuring mitochondrial quality. In recent years, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) have emerged as a novel cellular response. MDVs are shed from the mitochondrial surface and can be directed to lysosomes or peroxisomes for intracellular degradation. MDVs may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, evidence suggests that mitochondrial content is present in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on MDV formation and trafficking. Moreover, we review recent findings linking MDV and EV biogenesis and discuss their role in CVD. Finally, we discuss the role of vesicle-mediated mitochondrial transfer and its potential cardioprotective effects.
线粒体是调节代谢、细胞死亡和能量产生的动态细胞器。因此，维持线粒体健康对于细胞内稳态至关重要。通过分裂和融合进行的线粒体自噬和重排是确保线粒体质量的既定机制。近年来，线粒体衍生小泡（MDV）作为一种新的细胞反应出现。MDV 从线粒体表面脱落，可以被引导到溶酶体或过氧化物酶体进行细胞内降解。MDV 可能导致以线粒体功能障碍为特征的心血管疾病 (CVD)。此外，有证据表明线粒体含量存在于细胞外囊泡 (EV) 中。本文概述了 MDV 形成和转运的最新知识。此外，我们回顾了最近关于 MDV 和 EV 生物发生的发现，并讨论了它们在 CVD 中的作用。最后，我们讨论了囊泡介导的线粒体转移的作用及其潜在的心脏保护作用。
