Peng Xueqiang, Gao Yu, Liu Jiaxing, Shi Xinxin, Li Wei, Ma Yingbo, Li Xuexin, Li Hangyu
Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Clin Transl Med. 2025 May;15(5):e70320. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.70320.
Mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) participate in early cellular defence mechanisms initiated in response to mitochondrial damage. They maintain mitochondrial quality control (MQC) by clearing damaged mitochondrial components, thereby ensuring the normal functioning of cellular processes. This process is crucial for cell survival and health, as mitochondria are the energy factories of cells, and their damage can cause cellular dysfunction and even death. Recent studies have shown that MDVs not only maintain mitochondrial health but also have a significant impact on tumour progression. MDVs selectively encapsulate and transport damaged mitochondrial proteins under oxidative stress and reduce the adverse effects of mitochondrial damage on cells, which may promote the survival and proliferation of tumour cells. Furthermore, it has been indicated that after cells experience mild stress, the number of MDVs significantly increases within 2-6 h, whereas mitophagy, a process of clearing damaged mitochondria, occurs 12-24 h later. This suggests that MDVs play a critical role in the early stress response of cells. Moreover, MDVs also have a significant role in intercellular communication, specifically in the tumour microenvironment. They can carry and transmit various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which regulate tumour cell's growth, invasion, and metastasis. This intercellular communication may facilitate tumour spread and metastasis, making MDVs a potential therapeutic target. Advances in MDV research have identified novel biomarkers, clarified regulatory mechanisms, and provided evidence for clinical use. These breakthroughs pave the way for novel MDV-targeted therapies, offering improved treatment alternatives for cancer patients. Further research can identify MDVs' role in tumour development and elucidate future cancer treatment horizons.
线粒体衍生囊泡（MDV）参与因线粒体损伤而启动的早期细胞防御机制。它们通过清除受损的线粒体成分来维持线粒体质量控制（MQC），从而确保细胞过程的正常运作。这一过程对细胞存活和健康至关重要，因为线粒体是细胞的能量工厂，其损伤会导致细胞功能障碍甚至死亡。最近的研究表明，MDV不仅能维持线粒体健康，还对肿瘤进展有重大影响。在氧化应激下，MDV会选择性地包裹并运输受损的线粒体蛋白，减少线粒体损伤对细胞的不利影响，这可能会促进肿瘤细胞的存活和增殖。此外，有研究表明，细胞经历轻度应激后，MDV的数量在2 - 6小时内显著增加，而清除受损线粒体的过程——线粒体自噬则在12 - 24小时后发生。这表明MDV在细胞早期应激反应中起关键作用。此外，MDV在细胞间通讯中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在肿瘤微环境中。它们可以携带和传递各种生物活性分子，如蛋白质、核酸和脂质，这些分子会调节肿瘤细胞的生长、侵袭和转移。这种细胞间通讯可能会促进肿瘤扩散和转移，使MDV成为一个潜在的治疗靶点。MDV研究的进展已经确定了新的生物标志物，阐明了调节机制，并为临床应用提供了证据。这些突破为新型的以MDV为靶点的治疗方法铺平了道路，为癌症患者提供了更好的治疗选择。进一步的研究可以确定MDV在肿瘤发展中的作用，并阐明未来癌症治疗的前景。
