Laboratory of Natural Focal Viral Infections, Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia.
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 2;24(3):2921. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032921.
We evaluated the temporal signal and substitution rate of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) using 276 complete open reading frame (ORF) sequences with known collection dates. According to a permutation test, the TBEV Siberian subtype (TBEV-S) data set has no temporal structure and cannot be applied for substitution rate estimation without other TBEV subtypes. The substitution rate obtained suggests that the common clade of TBEV (TBEV-common), including all TBEV subtypes and louping-ill virus (LIV), is characterized by the lowest rate (1.87 × 10 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 4.9 years; 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval, 1.3-2.4 × 10 s/s/y) among all tick-borne flaviviruses previously assessed. Within TBEV-common, the TBEV European subtype (TBEV-E) has the lowest substitution rate (1.3 × 10 s/s/y or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 7.5 years; 95% HPD, 1.0-1.8 × 10 s/s/y) as compared with TBEV Far-Eastern subtype (3.0 × 10 s/s/y or 1 nucleotide substitution per ORF per 3.2 years; 95% HPD, 1.6-4.5 × 10 s/s/y). TBEV-common representing the species diverged 9623 years ago (95% HPD interval, 6373-13,208 years). The TBEV Baikalian subtype is the youngest one (489 years; 95% HPD, 291-697 years) which differs significantly by age from TBEV-E (848 years; 95% HPD, 596-1112 years), LIV (2424 years; 95% HPD, 1572-3400 years), TBEV-FE (1936 years, 95% HPD, 1344-2598 years), and the joint clade of TBEV-S (2505 years, 95% HPD, 1700-3421 years) comprising Vasilchenko, Zausaev, and Baltic lineages.
我们评估了 276 个具有已知采集日期的完整开放阅读框(ORF)序列的蜱传脑炎病毒(TBEV)的时间信号和替代率。通过置换检验,TBEV 西伯利亚亚型(TBEV-S)数据集没有时间结构,如果不考虑其他 TBEV 亚型,就不能用于替代率估计。获得的替代率表明,TBEV 的常见分支(TBEV-common),包括所有 TBEV 亚型和卢坪病毒(LIV),其特征是所有以前评估过的蜱传黄病毒中最低的替代率(1.87×10 个替换/位点/年(s/s/y)或每个 ORF 每年 1 个核苷酸替换,4.9 年;95%最高后验密度(HPD)区间,1.3-2.4×10 s/s/y)。在 TBEV-common 中,TBEV 欧洲亚型(TBEV-E)的替代率最低(1.3×10 s/s/y 或每个 ORF 每年 1 个核苷酸替换,7.5 年;95%HPD,1.0-1.8×10 s/s/y),而 TBEV 远东亚型(3.0×10 s/s/y 或每个 ORF 每年 1 个核苷酸替换,3.2 年;95%HPD,1.6-4.5×10 s/s/y)。代表物种的 TBEV-common 分化于 9623 年前(95%HPD 区间,6373-13208 年)。TBEV 贝加尔亚型是最年轻的一个(489 年;95%HPD,291-697 年),与 TBEV-E(848 年;95%HPD,596-1112 年)、LIV(2424 年;95%HPD,1572-3400 年)、TBEV-FE(1936 年,95%HPD,1344-2598 年)和包含 Vasilchenko、Zausaev 和波罗的海谱系的 TBEV-S 联合分支(2505 年,95%HPD,1700-3421 年)相比,年龄差异显著。