Issa Shams A M, Almutairi Abeer M, Albalawi Karma, Dakhilallah Ohoud K, Zakaly Hesham M H, Ene Antoaneta, Abulyazied Dalia E, Ahmed Sahar M, Youness Rasha A, Taha Mohammed A
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jan 28;13(3):537. doi: 10.3390/nano13030537.
The main objective of this work is to recycle unwanted industrial waste in order to produce innovative nanocomposites with improved mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties for use in various industrial purposes. In this context, powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to fabricate iron (Fe)/copper (Cu)/niobium carbide (NbC)/granite nanocomposites having outstanding mechanical, wear and thermal properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations were used to investigate the particle size, crystal size, and phase composition of the milled samples. Additionally, it was investigated how different volume percentages of the NbC and granite affected the sintered specimens in terms of density, microstructure, mechanical and wear properties, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). According to the findings, the milled powders included particles that were around 55 nm in size and clearly contained agglomerates. The results showed that the addition of 4 vol.% NbC and 8 vol.% granite nanoparticles caused a reduction in the Fe-Cu alloy matrix particle sizes up to 47.8 nm and served as a barrier to the migration of dislocations. In addition, the successive increase in the hybrid concentrations led to a significant decrease in the crystal size of the samples prepared as follows: 29.73, 27.58, 22.69, 19.95 and 15.8 nm. Furthermore, compared with the base Fe-Cu alloy, the nanocomposite having 12 vol.% of hybrid reinforcement demonstrated a significant improvement in the microhardness, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, CTE and wear rate by 94.3, 96.4, 61.1, 78.2, 57.1, 73.6, 25.6 and 61.9%, respectively. This indicates that both NbC and granite can actually act as excellent reinforcements in the Fe alloy.
这项工作的主要目标是回收不需要的工业废料，以生产具有改进的机械、摩擦学和热性能的创新纳米复合材料，用于各种工业用途。在此背景下，采用粉末冶金（PM）技术制备了具有优异机械、磨损和热性能的铁（Fe）/铜（Cu）/碳化铌（NbC）/花岗岩纳米复合材料。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）检测来研究研磨样品的粒径、晶体尺寸和相组成。此外，还研究了不同体积百分比的NbC和花岗岩对烧结试样的密度、微观结构、机械和磨损性能以及热膨胀系数（CTE）的影响。根据研究结果，研磨后的粉末包含尺寸约为55nm的颗粒，且明显含有团聚体。结果表明，添加4体积%的NbC和8体积%的花岗岩纳米颗粒可使Fe-Cu合金基体颗粒尺寸减小至47.8nm，并成为位错迁移的障碍。此外，混合浓度的连续增加导致如下制备的样品的晶体尺寸显著减小：29.73、27.58、22.69、19.95和15.8nm。此外，与基础Fe-Cu合金相比，具有12体积%混合增强相的纳米复合材料在显微硬度、极限强度、杨氏模量、纵向模量、剪切模量、体积模量、CTE和磨损率方面分别显著提高了94.3%、96.4%、61.1%、78.2%、57.1%、73.6%、25.6%和61.9%。这表明NbC和花岗岩实际上都可作为Fe合金中的优异增强相。
