GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
Molecules. 2019 Aug 19;24(16):3007. doi: 10.3390/molecules24163007.
In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.
近年来，香水、化妆品、制药、食品配料、营养保健品、生物燃料和精细化工等行业的几乎所有提取工艺都大量依赖溶剂，其中大多数溶剂都源自石油。工业提取循环所涉及的复杂处理步骤使得人们越来越难以预测整体环境影响；尽管能源消耗巨大，溶剂用量也很大，但产量通常以小数表示。理想的绿色提取用替代溶剂应具有高溶解度、高闪点、低毒性和低环境影响、易于生物降解、由可再生（非石化）资源以合理的价格获得，并且易于回收，而不会对环境造成任何有害影响。寻找满足所有上述要求的完美溶剂是一项具有挑战性的任务，因此，最佳溶剂的选择将始终取决于工艺、工厂和目标分子，这是一个妥协的结果。本文综述的目的是生动地展示当前在实验室和工业中用于提取天然产物的替代绿色溶剂的知识，重点介绍原始方法、创新、方案以及安全产品的开发。
