断奶期间驴驹粪便微生物群的动态变化：从断奶前到断奶后。

Dynamic changes in fecal microbiota in donkey foals during weaning: From pre-weaning to post-weaning.

作者信息

Zhang Zhenwei, Huang Bingjian, Gao Xu, Shi Xiaoyuan, Wang Xinrui, Wang Tianqi, Wang Yonghui, Liu Guiqin, Wang Changfa

机构信息

Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.

出版信息

Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 27;14:1105330. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105330. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105330

PMID:36778861

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9915154/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

A better understanding of the microbiota community in donkey foals during the weaning transition is a prerequisite to optimize gut function and improve feed efficiency. The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamic changes in fecal microbiota in donkey foals from pre-to post-weaning period.

METHODS

A total of 27 fecal samples of donkey foals were collected in the rectum before morning feeding at pre-weaning (30 days of age, PreW group, = 9), dur-weaning (100 days of age, DurW group, = 9) and post-weaning (170 days of age, PostW group, = 9) period. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were employed to indicate the microbial changes during the weaning period.

RESULTS

In the present study, the cessation of breastfeeding gradually and weaning onto plant-based feeds increased the microbial diversity and richness, with a higher Shannon, Ace, Chao and Sobs index in DurW and PostW than in PreW ( < 0.05). The predominant bacterial phyla in donkey foal feces were Firmicutes (>50.5%) and Bacteroidota (>29.5%), and the predominant anaerobic fungi and archaea were Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota. The cellulolytic related bacteria including phylum Firmicutes, Spirochaetota and Fibrobacterota and genus norank_f_F082, , NK4A214_group, _AC2044_group and were increased from pre-to post-weaning donkey foals ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, the functions related to the fatty acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the fecal microbiome in the DurW and PostW donkeys. Furthermore, the present study provided the first direct evidence that the initial colonization and establishment of anaerobic fungi and archaea in donkey foals began prior to weaning. The relative abundance of were the highest in DurW donkey foals among the three groups ( < 0.01). In terms of archaea, the abundance of were higher in PreW than in DurW and PostW ( < 0.01), but the abundance of were significantly increased in DurW and PostW compared to PreW donkey foals ( < 0.01).

DISCUSSION

Altogether, the current study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the development of the microbiota community in donkey foals from pre-to post-weaning period, which may eventually result in an improvement of the digestion and feed efficiency in donkeys.

摘要

引言

更好地了解断奶过渡期驴驹的微生物群落是优化肠道功能和提高饲料效率的前提。本研究的目的是调查驴驹从断奶前到断奶后粪便微生物群的动态变化。

方法

在断奶前（30日龄，PreW组，n = 9）、断奶期（100日龄，DurW组，n = 9）和断奶后（170日龄，PostW组，n = 9）的早晨喂食前，从直肠收集了总共27份驴驹粪便样本。采用16S rRNA扩增子测序来指示断奶期间的微生物变化。

结果

在本研究中，母乳喂养的停止以及向植物性饲料的断奶逐渐增加了微生物的多样性和丰富度，DurW组和PostW组的香农、Ace、Chao和Sobs指数高于PreW组（P < 0.05）。驴驹粪便中主要的细菌门是厚壁菌门（>50.5%）和拟杆菌门（>29.5%），主要的厌氧真菌和古菌是新美鞭菌门和广古菌门。包括厚壁菌门、螺旋体门和纤维杆菌门以及norank_f_F082属、、NK4A214_group、_AC2044_group和在内的与纤维素分解相关的细菌从断奶前到断奶后的驴驹中有所增加（P < 0.05）。同时，与脂肪酸生物合成、碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸生物合成相关的功能在DurW组和PostW组的驴粪便微生物组中显著富集。此外，本研究提供了首个直接证据，表明驴驹中厌氧真菌和古菌的初始定殖和建立在断奶前就已开始。在三组中，DurW组驴驹中的相对丰度最高（P < 0.01）。就古菌而言，PreW组中的丰度高于DurW组和PostW组（P < 0.01），但与PreW组驴驹相比，DurW组和PostW组中的丰度显著增加（P < 0.01）。