Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1115542. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1115542. eCollection 2023.
Clinical features and severity of the leishmaniasis is extremely intricate and depend on several factors, especially sand fly-derived products. Bacteria in the sand fly's gut are a perpetual companion of parasites. However, consequences of the concomitance of these bacteria and parasite outside the midgut environment have not been investigated in the infection process. Herein, a needle infection model was designed to mimic transmission by sand flies, to examine differences in the onset and progression of infection initiated by inoculation with "low" or "high" doses of and bacteria. The results showed an alteration in the local expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice receiving different inoculations of bacteria. Simultaneous injection of two bacteria with parasites in the low-dose group caused greater thickness of ear pinna and enhanced tissue chronic inflammatory cells, as well as resulted in multifold increase in the expression of IL-4 and IL-1β and a decrease in the iNOS expression, without changing the burden. Despite advances in scientific breakthroughs, scant survey has investigated the interaction between micro and macro levels of organization of leishmaniasis that ranges from the cellular to macro ecosystem levels, giving rise to the spread and persistence of the disease in a region. Our findings provide new insight into using the potential of the vector-derived microbiota in modulating the vertebrate immune system for the benefit of the host or recommend the use of appropriate antibiotics along with antileishmanial medicines.
利什曼病的临床特征和严重程度极其复杂，取决于几个因素，尤其是沙蝇衍生的产物。沙蝇肠道内的细菌是寄生虫的永久伴生物。然而，在感染过程中，尚未研究这些细菌和寄生虫在中肠环境之外共存的后果。在此，设计了一种针感染模型来模拟沙蝇的传播，以检查用“低”或“高”剂量接种时，由接种引起的感染的开始和进展的差异。结果表明，在接受不同细菌接种的小鼠中，局部表达的促炎和抗炎细胞因子发生了改变。在低剂量组中同时注射两种细菌和寄生虫会导致耳尖厚度增加，并增强组织慢性炎症细胞，导致 IL-4 和 IL-1β 的表达增加多倍，而 iNOS 的表达降低，而不改变寄生虫负担。尽管在科学突破方面取得了进展，但很少有研究调查利什曼病的微观和宏观组织水平之间的相互作用，这种相互作用从细胞到宏观生态系统水平不等，导致疾病在一个地区的传播和持续存在。我们的研究结果为利用媒介衍生的微生物组调节脊椎动物免疫系统以造福宿主提供了新的见解，或者建议在使用抗利什曼病药物的同时使用适当的抗生素。
