Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
Virulence. 2022 Dec;13(1):903-935. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2074130.
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus . Infection by different species of results in various host immune responses, which usually lead to parasite clearance and may also contribute to pathogenesis and, hence, increasing the complexity of the disease. Interestingly, the parasite tends to reside within the unfriendly environment of the macrophages and has evolved various survival strategies to evade or modulate host immune defense. This can be attributed to the array of virulence factors of the vicious parasite, which target important host functioning and machineries. This review encompasses a holistic overview of leishmanial virulence factors, their role in assisting parasite-mediated evasion of host defense weaponries, and modulating epigenetic landscapes of host immune regulatory genes. Furthermore, the review also discusses the diagnostic potential of various leishmanial virulence factors and the advent of immunomodulators as futuristic antileishmanial drug therapy.
利什曼病是一组由属内的细胞内原生动物寄生虫引起的疾病。不同种的感染导致宿主不同的免疫反应，通常导致寄生虫清除，也可能导致发病机制，并因此增加疾病的复杂性。有趣的是，寄生虫往往存在于巨噬细胞的不友好环境中，并进化出各种生存策略来逃避或调节宿主的免疫防御。这可以归因于恶性寄生虫的一系列毒力因子，这些因子针对宿主的重要功能和机制。本综述全面概述了利什曼原虫的毒力因子，它们在协助寄生虫逃避宿主防御武器方面的作用，以及调节宿主免疫调节基因的表观遗传景观。此外，该综述还讨论了各种利什曼原虫毒力因子的诊断潜力以及免疫调节剂作为未来抗利什曼病药物治疗的出现。
