Keesling B, Friedman H S
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
Health Psychol. 1987;6(5):477-93. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.6.5.477.
Excessive exposure to the sun has been related to the development of various types of skin cancer, but use of sunscreen decreases the risk. The present project was designed to empirically examine psychosocial factors in sunbathing and sunscreen use. One hundred twenty sunbathing and nonsunbathing beachgoers were interviewed about their health practices, knowledge about skin cancer, moods, and social rewards obtained through sunbathing. They also completed several relevant personality questionnaires. Data were considered using a theoretical perspective combining aspects of health belief, social influence, social learning, and risk-taking models. Results indicate that sunbathing is clearly related to having a positive attitude toward risk taking, having little knowledge about skin cancer, reporting a relaxed mood, having friends who sunbathe, and engaging in activities related to maintaining a positive physical appearance. Sunscreen use is related to sex, having knowledge about skin cancer, knowing people who have had cancer, and reporting high levels of anxiety. The implications of these findings for the design of intervention strategies and for the future study of health-compromising behaviors are discussed.
过度暴露在阳光下与各类皮肤癌的发生有关，但使用防晒霜可降低风险。本项目旨在实证研究日光浴和使用防晒霜过程中的心理社会因素。对120名进行日光浴和不进行日光浴的海滩游客就其健康行为、皮肤癌知识、情绪以及通过日光浴获得的社会回报进行了访谈。他们还完成了几份相关的人格问卷。从健康信念、社会影响、社会学习和冒险模型等方面相结合的理论视角对数据进行了分析。结果表明，日光浴显然与对冒险持积极态度、对皮肤癌了解甚少、情绪放松、有进行日光浴的朋友以及参与与保持积极外表相关的活动有关。使用防晒霜与性别、了解皮肤癌知识、认识患过癌症的人以及焦虑程度高有关。讨论了这些发现对干预策略设计和对危害健康行为未来研究的启示。
