Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Semin Immunopathol. 2023 Jan;45(1):111-123. doi: 10.1007/s00281-022-00982-0. Epub 2023 Feb 15.
Oral mucosal pathologies comprise an array of diseases with worldwide prevalence and medical relevance. Affecting a confined space with crucial physiological and social functions, oral pathologies can be mutilating and drastically reduce quality of life. Despite their relevance, treatment for these diseases is often far from curative and remains vastly understudied. While multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal pathologies, the host's immune system plays a major role in the development, maintenance, and resolution of these diseases. Consequently, a precise understanding of immunological mechanisms implicated in oral mucosal pathologies is critical (1) to identify accurate, mechanistic biomarkers of clinical outcomes; (2) to develop targeted immunotherapeutic strategies; and (3) to individualize prevention and treatment approaches. Here, we review key elements of the immune system's role in oral mucosal pathologies that hold promise to overcome limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We emphasize recent and ongoing multiomic and single-cell approaches that enable an integrative view of these pathophysiological processes and thereby provide unifying and clinically relevant biological signatures.
口腔黏膜病包括一系列具有全球普遍性和医学相关性的疾病。这些疾病影响着具有关键生理和社会功能的有限空间，可能导致毁容，并极大地降低生活质量。尽管这些疾病很重要，但它们的治疗往往远非根治性的，并且仍然研究不足。虽然多种因素参与了口腔黏膜病的发病机制，但宿主的免疫系统在这些疾病的发生、维持和解决中起着重要作用。因此，精确理解口腔黏膜病中涉及的免疫机制至关重要：(1) 确定临床结果的准确、机制性生物标志物；(2) 开发靶向免疫治疗策略；(3) 个体化预防和治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾了免疫系统在口腔黏膜病中的作用的关键要素，这些要素有望克服当前诊断和治疗方法的局限性。我们强调了最近和正在进行的多组学和单细胞方法，这些方法使我们能够对这些病理生理过程进行综合观察，并提供统一的、具有临床相关性的生物学特征。
