Jakubowski M, Trojanowska B, Kowalska G, Gendek E, Starzyński Z, Krajewska B, Jajte J
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(6):567-77. doi: 10.1007/BF00377920.
Investigations were carried out in an alkaline battery factory. The study group consisted of 102 persons and the control group of 85 persons. Cadmium in blood (Cd-B) and cadmium in urine (Cd-U), as well as beta 2-microglobulin (B2-M), retinol binding protein (RBP), amino acids in urine were determined. Exposure to cadmium was high; Cd-B and Cd-U concentrations were higher than recommended, 10 micrograms/l and 10 micrograms/g creat. In 65% and 56% of workers, respectively. Excretion of B2-M and RBP in urine was higher than the accepted upper limits of 380 and 130 micrograms/g creat. in about 20% of the workers. A significant correlation was observed between: log Cd-U.log Cd-B (r = 0.85), log B2-M.log RBP (r = 0.66), log Cd-U.log B2-M (r = 0.52), and log Cd-U.log RBP (r = 0.55). To evaluate the admissible period of occupational exposure to cadmium, an integrated exposure index (Cd-B x years of exposure) is proposed. According to the dose-response relationship, an increase of low molecular protein excretion in urine can be expected in 10% of the cases at Cd-U amounting to 10 to 15 micrograms/g creat. and Cd-B x years of about 300 to 400.
在一家碱性电池厂开展了调查。研究组由102人组成，对照组由85人组成。测定了血镉（Cd-B）、尿镉（Cd-U）以及β2-微球蛋白（B2-M）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）和尿氨基酸。镉暴露水平较高；Cd-B和Cd-U浓度分别高于推荐值10微克/升和10微克/克肌酐，分别在65%和56%的工人中出现这种情况。约20%的工人尿中B2-M和RBP的排泄量高于公认的上限380和130微克/克肌酐。观察到以下显著相关性：log Cd-U与log Cd-B（r = 0.85）、log B2-M与log RBP（r = 0.66）、log Cd-U与log B2-M（r = 0.52）以及log Cd-U与log RBP（r = 0.55）。为评估职业性镉暴露的可接受期限，提出了一个综合暴露指数（Cd-B×暴露年限）。根据剂量反应关系，当Cd-U为10至15微克/克肌酐且Cd-B×暴露年限约为300至400时，预计10%的病例会出现尿中低分子蛋白排泄增加的情况。
