Celar Sturm Dominika, Virant-Klun Irma
Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Reproduction. 2023 Mar 30;165(5):R117-R134. doi: 10.1530/REP-22-0257. Print 2023 May 1.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced chemical, mostly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, and can act as an endocrine disruptor. This paper focuses on the different effects of BPA on ovarian granulosa cells.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor (ED), widely used as a comonomer or an additive in the plastics industry. It can be found in food and beverage plastic packaging, epoxy resins, thermal paper and other common products. To date, there have only been several experimental studies to have examined how BPA exposure affects human and mammalian follicular granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro and in vivo; the collected evidence data show that BPA negatively affects the GCs by altering steroidogenesis and gene expression, inducing autophagy, apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species production. Exposure to BPA can also lead to abnormally constrained or elevated cellular proliferation and can even reduce cell viability. Therefore, research on EDs such as BPA is important as it provides some important insights into the causes and development of infertility, ovarian cancer and other conditions related to impaired ovarian and GC function. Folic acid, a biologic form of vitamin B9, is a methyl donor that can neutralize the toxic effects of the BPA exposure and is, as a common food supplement, an interesting option for researching its protective role against ubiquitous harmful EDs such as BPA.
双酚A（BPA）是一种广泛生产的化学物质，主要用于生产聚碳酸酯塑料，可作为内分泌干扰物。本文重点关注双酚A对卵巢颗粒细胞的不同影响。
双酚A（BPA）是一种内分泌干扰物（ED），在塑料工业中广泛用作共聚单体或添加剂。它存在于食品和饮料塑料包装、环氧树脂、热敏纸及其他常见产品中。迄今为止，仅有几项实验研究考察了双酚A暴露在体外和体内如何影响人和哺乳动物的卵泡颗粒细胞（GCs）；收集到的证据数据表明，双酚A通过改变类固醇生成和基因表达、通过产生活性氧诱导自噬、凋亡和细胞氧化应激，对颗粒细胞产生负面影响。暴露于双酚A还可导致细胞增殖异常受限或升高，甚至降低细胞活力。因此，对双酚A等内分泌干扰物的研究很重要，因为它为不孕、卵巢癌及其他与卵巢和颗粒细胞功能受损相关疾病的病因及发展提供了一些重要见解。叶酸是维生素B9的一种生物形式，是一种甲基供体，可中和双酚A暴露的毒性作用，作为一种常见的食品补充剂，是研究其对双酚A等普遍存在的有害内分泌干扰物的保护作用的一个有趣选择。
