Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 16;13(1):2803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29568-y.
Ball-milled seashells, as a nano-biocomposite catalyst and natural source of CaCO in its aragonite microcrystalline form with fixed CO, was optimized for the synthesis of isoamyl acetate (3-methylbutyl ethanoate) by response surface methodology with a five-level three-factor rotatable circumscribed central composite design. The seashells nano-biocomposite has proved to be an excellent heterogeneous multifunctional catalyst for the green and environmentally-benign synthesis of isoamyl acetate from acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol under solvent-free conditions. A high yield of 91% was obtained under the following optimal conditions: molar ratio of alcohol: acetic acid (1:3.7), catalyst loading (15.7 mg), the reaction temperature (98 °C), and the reaction time (219 min). The outstanding advantages of this protocol are the use of an inexpensive, naturally occurring and easily prepared nano-biocomposite material having appropriate thermal stability and without any modifications using hazardous reagents, lower catalyst loading and reaction temperature, no use of corrosive Bronsted acids as well as toxic azeotropic solvents or water adsorbents, and simplicity of the procedure.
球磨贝壳作为纳米生物复合材料催化剂和碳酸钙的天然来源，以文石微晶形式固定 CO，通过五水平三因素可旋转围心立方组合设计的响应面法优化了乙酸异戊酯（3-甲基丁基乙酸酯）的合成。贝壳纳米生物复合材料已被证明是一种出色的多相多功能催化剂，可在无溶剂条件下，从乙酸和异戊醇绿色环保合成乙酸异戊酯。在以下最佳条件下可获得 91%的高产率：醇：乙酸摩尔比（1:3.7）、催化剂用量（15.7 mg）、反应温度（98°C）和反应时间（219 min）。该方法的突出优点是使用廉价、天然存在且易于制备的纳米生物复合材料，具有适当的热稳定性，无需使用危险试剂进行任何修饰，催化剂用量和反应温度较低，不使用腐蚀性布朗斯台德酸以及有毒共沸溶剂或水吸附剂，并且操作简单。
