Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jul;23(7):1131-1145. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2160938. Epub 2023 Feb 19.
This study quantified and compared the collision and non-collision match characteristics across age categories (i.e. U12, U14, U16, U18, Senior) for both amateur and elite playing standards from Tier 1 rugby union nations (i.e. England, South Africa, New Zealand). Two-hundred and one male matches (5911 min ball-in-play) were coded using computerised notational analysis, including 193,708 match characteristics (e.g. 83,688 collisions, 33,052 tackles, 13,299 rucks, 1006 mauls, 2681 scrums, 2923 lineouts, 44,879 passes, 5568 kicks). Generalised linear mixed models with comparisons and cluster analysis compared the match characteristics by age category and playing standard. Overall significant differences ( < 0.001) between age category and playing standard were found for the frequency of match characteristics, and tackle and ruck activity. The frequency of characteristics increased with age category and playing standard except for scrums and tries that were the lowest at the senior level. For the tackle, the percentage of successful tackles, frequency of active shoulder, sequential and simultaneous tackles increased with age and playing standard. For ruck activity, the number of attackers and defenders were lower in U18 and senior than younger age categories. Cluster analysis demonstrated clear differences in all and collision match characteristics and activity by age category and playing standard. These findings provide the most comprehensive quantification and comparison of collision and non-collision activity in rugby union demonstrating increased frequency and type of collision activity with increasing age and playing standard. These findings have implications for policy to ensure the safe development of rugby union players throughout the world.
本研究对来自一级橄榄球联盟国家（即英格兰、南非、新西兰）的业余和精英比赛标准，按年龄类别（即 U12、U14、U16、U18、成年）对碰撞和非碰撞比赛特征进行了量化和比较。使用计算机化的记录分析对 201 场男子比赛（5911 分钟球在比赛中）进行了编码，包括 193708 个比赛特征（例如 83688 次碰撞、33052 次铲球、13299 次争边球、1006 次混战、2681 次 scrums、2923 次 lineouts、44879 次传球、5568 次踢球）。使用广义线性混合模型进行比较和聚类分析，按年龄类别和比赛标准比较了比赛特征。在比赛特征的频率、铲球和争边球活动方面，发现年龄类别和比赛标准之间存在显著差异（ < 0.001）。除了在成年级别最低的 scrums 和 tries 外，随着年龄类别和比赛标准的提高，特征的频率也随之增加。对于铲球，成功铲球的百分比、主动肩部的频率、连续和同时铲球的频率随着年龄和比赛标准的提高而增加。对于争边球活动，U18 和成年组的攻击者和防守者人数低于年轻年龄组。聚类分析表明，按年龄类别和比赛标准，所有碰撞和非碰撞比赛特征和活动存在明显差异。这些发现提供了橄榄球联盟中碰撞和非碰撞活动最全面的量化和比较，表明随着年龄和比赛标准的提高，碰撞活动的频率和类型增加。这些发现对政策制定具有影响，以确保全世界橄榄球联盟运动员的安全发展。
