Getahun Temesgen, Urge Beksisa, Mamo Gezahegne
Animal Health Research National Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2023 Feb 15;14:11-22. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S388970. eCollection 2023.
Brucellosis is a contagious, economically significant bacterial disease that affects animals worldwide and is one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases in the world. The disease poses a barrier to the trade of animals and animal products, represents a public health hazard, and is an impediment to free animal movement.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2019 to May 2020 in order to determine seroprevalence and identify potential risk factors for brucellosis in dairy cows in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia with recent cases of abortion. Purposive sampling was carried out on the farms and kebeles in question to screen for recent cases of abortion in dairy cows. For the purpose of performing serological testing, 352 blood samples from dairy cattle were obtained. The Rose Bengal Plate test was used to initially screen the serum samples, and the Complement Fixation test was utilized as a confirmatory test.
Using combined RBPT and CFT tests, the overall seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.16-2.09). Retained fetal membrane (OR = 32.74, p = 0.006), market-based stock replacement (OR = 16.55, p = 0.002), breeding method (OR = 7.58, p = 0.027), and late stage of abortion (OR = 14.74, p = 0.0002) are all significantly associated risk factors.
The present seroprevalence study revealed that brucellosis is prevalent at a lower rate among dairy cattle in the study areas. However, there is a possible risk of brucellosis transmission in dairy cattle and the exposed human population in research locations because no control measures were put in place there. Implementing a test and slaughter method with compensation for farmers is advised due to the low prevalence of bovine brucellosis in government-owned and small-holder farms.
布鲁氏菌病是一种具有传染性、对经济有重大影响的细菌性疾病，在全球范围内影响动物，是世界上最被忽视的人畜共患病之一。该疾病对动物及动物产品贸易构成障碍，代表着公共卫生危害，并且阻碍动物的自由流动。
于2019年12月至2020年5月开展了一项横断面研究，以确定埃塞俄比亚中部高地近期出现流产病例的奶牛布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率，并识别潜在风险因素。对相关农场和行政区进行了目的抽样，以筛查奶牛近期的流产病例。为进行血清学检测，采集了352份奶牛血样。采用玫瑰红平板试验初步筛查血清样本，并使用补体结合试验作为确证试验。
联合使用玫瑰红平板试验和补体结合试验，牛布鲁氏菌病的总体血清阳性率为0.6%（95%置信区间：0.16 - 2.09）。胎膜滞留（比值比=32.74，p = 0.006）、基于市场的牲畜替换（比值比=16.55，p = 0.002）、繁殖方式（比值比=7.58，p = 0.027）以及流产后期（比值比=14.74，p = 0.0002）均为显著相关的风险因素。
本次血清阳性率研究表明，布鲁氏菌病在研究区域的奶牛中流行率较低。然而，由于研究地点未采取控制措施，奶牛及接触人群存在布鲁氏菌病传播的潜在风险。鉴于政府所有农场和小农户农场中牛布鲁氏菌病患病率较低，建议实施检测和屠宰方法并对农民进行补偿。
