基于HZ23的微生物肥料对新垦土地上小白菜生长、土壤性质、根际细菌群落结构及代谢产物的影响。
The effects of microbial fertilizer based HZ23 on pakchoi growth, soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites in newly reclaimed land.
作者信息
Li Xuqing, Li Dingyi, Jiang Yugen, Xu Jun, Ren Xiaoxu, Zhang Ya, Wang Hong, Lu Qiujun, Yan Jianli, Ahmed Temoor, Li Bin, Guo Kai
机构信息
Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Biological Environment, Material and Environmental CollegeShanxi Jinzhong Institute of Technology, Jinzhong, China.
出版信息
Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 6;14:1091380. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1091380. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
Pakchoi is an important leafy vegetable in China. Due to industrialization and urbanization, pakchoi has been cultivated in newly reclaimed mountainous lands in Zhejiang Province, China in recent years. However, immature soil is not suitable for plant growth and needs to be modified by the application of different organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer based plant-growth-promoting microbe. In 2021, a high efficient plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF; HZ23) was obtained from newly reclaimed land of Zhejiang Province, China. In order to valuate microbial fertilizer based A. brunneoviolaceus HZ23 (MF-HZ23) on pakchoi growth in immature soil, we investigated the effect of MF-HZ23 on soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites of pakchoi rhizosphere soil samples.
METHODS
The field experiment (four treatments, MF-HZ23, MF-ZH23 + CCF, CCF and the control) was completely randomly designed and carried out on newly reclaimed land in Yangqingmiao Village of Fuyang district, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. In order to evaluate the influence of microbial fertilizer based HZ23 on pakchoi in the newly reclaimed land, the number of pakchoi leaves, total fresh and dry weight of the seedlings was counted. In addition, the soil properties, including the pH, OMC, total N, AHN, available P, the genome sequencing, and metabolomics assay were also detected.
RESULTS
The results revealed a significant difference between MF-HZ23 and the control in soil properties, bacterial community structure, and metabolites. Indeed, compared with the control, MF-HZ23 caused 30.66, 71.43, 47.31, 135.84, and 2099.90% increase in the soil pH, organic matter contents (OMC), total nitrogen (N), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AHN), and available phosphorus (P), respectively. Meanwhile, MF-HZ23 caused 50.78, 317.47, and 34.40% increase in the relative abundance of , , and and 75.55, 23.27, 69.25, 45.88, 53.42, and 72.44% reduction in the relative abundance of , and , respectively, compared with the control based on 16S amplicon sequencing of soil bacteria. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis (RDA) of bacterial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of bacterial communities included available P, AHN, pH, OMC, and total N. In addition, non-targeted metabolomics techniques (UHPLC-MS analysis) revealed that MF-HZ23 resulted in a great change in the kinds of metabolites in the rhizosphere soil. Indeed, in MF-HZ23 and the control group, there were six differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) belong to organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, and these six DEMs were significantly positively correlated with 23 genus of bacteria, which showed complicated interactions between bacteria and DEMs in pakchoi rhizosphere soil.
CONCLUTIONS
Overall, the results of this study revealed significant modification in physical, chemical, and biological properties of pakchoi soil. Microbial fertilizer based PGPF HZ23 (MF-HZ23) can be used as a good amendment for newly reclaimed land.
引言
小白菜是中国一种重要的叶菜类蔬菜。由于工业化和城市化进程，近年来中国浙江省新垦山地开始种植小白菜。然而，未成熟的土壤并不适合植物生长，需要通过施用不同的有机肥或基于促植物生长微生物的微生物肥料来改良。2021年，从中国浙江省新垦土地中获得了一种高效促植物生长真菌（PGPF；HZ23）。为了评估基于棕紫曲霉HZ23的微生物肥料（MF-HZ23）对未成熟土壤中小白菜生长的影响，我们研究了MF-HZ23对土壤性质、根际细菌群落结构以及小白菜根际土壤样品代谢产物的影响。
方法
田间试验（四种处理，MF-HZ23、MF-ZH23 + CCF、CCF和对照）采用完全随机设计，在中国浙江省杭州市富阳区杨清庙村的新垦土地上进行。为了评估基于HZ23的微生物肥料对新垦土地中小白菜的影响，统计了小白菜的叶片数量、幼苗的总鲜重和干重。此外，还检测了土壤性质，包括pH值、有机物质含量（OMC）、总氮、碱解氮、有效磷、基因组测序以及代谢组学分析。
结果
结果显示，MF-HZ23与对照在土壤性质、细菌群落结构和代谢产物方面存在显著差异。实际上，与对照相比，MF-HZ23使土壤pH值、有机物质含量（OMC）、总氮（N）、碱解氮（AHN）和有效磷（P）分别增加了30.66%、71.43%、47.31%、135.84%和2099.90%。同时，基于土壤细菌的16S扩增子测序，与对照相比，MF-HZ23使、和的相对丰度分别增加了50.78%、317.47%和34.40%，使、和的相对丰度分别降低了75.55%、23.27%、69.25%、45.88%、53.42%和72.44%。此外，细菌群落与土壤性质的冗余判别分析（RDA）表明，细菌群落的主要变量包括有效磷、碱解氮、pH值、有机物质含量和总氮。另外，非靶向代谢组学技术（UHPLC-MS分析）表明，MF-HZ23导致根际土壤中代谢产物种类发生了很大变化。实际上，在MF-HZ23和对照组中，有六种差异表达代谢物（DEM）属于有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物、有机氮化合物，这六种DEM与23属细菌显著正相关，表明小白菜根际土壤中细菌与DEM之间存在复杂的相互作用。
结论
总体而言，本研究结果表明小白菜种植土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质发生了显著改变。基于促植物生长真菌PGPF HZ23的微生物肥料（MF-HZ23）可作为新垦土地的良好改良剂。
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