Mosina Marika, Siverino Claudia, Stipniece Liga, Sceglovs Artemijs, Vasiljevs Renats, Moriarty T Fintan, Locs Janis
Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jan 17;14(2):51. doi: 10.3390/jfb14020051.
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) have been used in bone regeneration for decades. Among the described CaPs, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) has a chemical composition similar to that of natural bone. Gallium-containing compounds have been studied since the 1970s for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and have shown beneficial properties, such as antibacterial activity and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In this study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder with Ga doping ratios up to 6.9 ± 0.5 wt% using the wet chemical precipitation method. The obtained products were characterized using XRD, BET, FTIR, and ICP-MS. Ga ion release was determined in the cell culture media for up to 30 days. Antibacterial activity was assessed against five bacterial species: , , , , and . The biocompatibility of the GaHAp samples was determined in human fibroblasts (hTERT-BJ1) through direct and indirect tests. The structure of the synthesized products was characteristic of HAp, as revealed with XRD and FTIR, although the addition of Ga caused a decrease in the crystallite size. Ga was released from GaHAp paste in a steady manner, with approximately 40% being released within 21 days. GaHAp with the highest gallium contents, 5.5 ± 0.1 wt% and 6.9 ± 0.5 wt%, inhibited the growth of all five bacterial species, with the greatest activity being against . Biocompatibility assays showed maintained cell viability (~80%) after seven days of indirect exposure to GaHAp. However, when GaHAp with Ga content above 3.3 ± 0.4 wt% was directly applied on the cells, a decrease in metabolic activity was observed on the seventh day. Overall, these results show that GaHAp with Ga content below 3.3 ± 0.4 wt% has attractive antimicrobial properties, without affecting the cell metabolic activity, creating a material that could be used for bone regeneration and prevention of infection.
磷酸钙（CaPs）已用于骨再生领域数十年。在已描述的CaPs中，合成羟基磷灰石（HAp）的化学成分与天然骨相似。自20世纪70年代以来，含镓化合物就被用于治疗自身免疫性疾病，并已显示出有益特性，如抗菌活性和抑制破骨细胞活性。在本研究中，我们采用湿化学沉淀法合成了镓掺杂比例高达6.9±0.5 wt%的羟基磷灰石（HAp）粉末。使用X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积分析仪（BET）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对所得产物进行了表征。在细胞培养基中测定了长达30天的镓离子释放情况。评估了对五种细菌的抗菌活性，分别是 、 、 、 和 。通过直接和间接测试确定了GaHAp样品在人成纤维细胞（hTERT-BJ1）中的生物相容性。XRD和FTIR结果表明，合成产物具有HAp的结构特征，尽管镓的添加导致微晶尺寸减小。镓从GaHAp糊剂中稳定释放，约40%在21天内释放。镓含量最高（5.5±0.1 wt%和6.9±0.5 wt%）的GaHAp抑制了所有五种细菌的生长，对 的活性最强。生物相容性分析表明，间接接触GaHAp七天后细胞活力维持在约80%。然而，当镓含量高于3.3±0.4 wt%的GaHAp直接应用于细胞时，在第七天观察到代谢活性下降。总体而言，这些结果表明，镓含量低于3.3±0.4 wt%的GaHAp具有吸引人的抗菌特性，且不影响细胞代谢活性，有望成为一种可用于骨再生和预防感染的材料。
