Rodríguez-Bolaña César, Pérez-Parada Andrés, Tesitore Giancarlo, Goyenola Guillermo, Kröger Alejandra, Pacheco Martín, Gérez Natalia, Berton Analia, Zinola Gianna, Gil Guillermo, Mangarelli Alejandro, Pequeño Fiamma, Besil Natalia, Niell Silvina, Heinzen Horacio, Teixeira de Mello Franco
Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay.
Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, CP 27000 Rocha, Uruguay; Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 20;874:162310. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162310. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
A pilot annual monitoring survey (April 2018-March 2019) was conducted to investigate the presence of pesticides in superficial water and fish in Laguna del Cisne, one of the most critical drinking water sources in Uruguay. A total of 25 pesticide residues were detected in superficial water (89.3 % of the samples). Pesticide's temporal distribution was associated with crops and livestock practices, with higher occurrences in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The most frequent compounds in superficial water were the insecticide chlorantraniliprole, and the herbicides glyphosate (including its metabolite AMPA) and metolachlor. The levels of Organochlorine pesticide, p,p'-DDT, was in some cases two order of magnitude above the international water quality guidelines for Ambient Water Criteria. In fishes, eight different pesticides were detected, at concentrations from 1000 to 453,000 ng·kg. The most frequent pesticides found were propiconazole, chlorpyrifos, and p,p'-DDE. The widespread occurrence of pesticides in fish suggests potential exposure effects on fish populations and the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling approach of this work allowed monitoring the continuous concentrations of several pesticides in surface waters and fishes to establish the influence from past and current agriculture practices in Laguna del Cisne basin. For safety measures, continuous monitoring programs must be performed in this system to prevent toxicity impacts on aquatic organisms and human health.
2018年4月至2019年3月开展了一项年度试点监测调查，以调查乌拉圭最关键的饮用水源之一锡内湖表层水和鱼类中农药的存在情况。在表层水中共检测到25种农药残留（占样本的89.3%）。农药的时间分布与作物和畜牧养殖活动有关，春季和夏季的出现频率高于秋季和冬季。表层水中最常见的化合物是杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺，以及除草剂草甘膦（包括其代谢物氨甲基膦酸）和异丙甲草胺。有机氯农药p,p'-滴滴涕的含量在某些情况下比国际环境水质量准则规定的环境水标准高出两个数量级。在鱼类中，检测到8种不同的农药，浓度在1000至453000纳克·千克之间。最常见的农药是丙环唑、毒死蜱和p,p'-滴滴伊。鱼类中农药的广泛存在表明可能对鱼类种群和水生生态系统产生接触影响。这项工作的采样方法能够监测地表水和鱼类中几种农药的持续浓度，以确定锡内湖流域过去和当前农业活动的影响。为采取安全措施，必须在该系统中开展持续监测计划，以防止对水生生物和人类健康产生毒性影响。
