Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán 28040, Mexico.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán 28040, Mexico.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 10;15(2):145. doi: 10.3390/toxins15020145.
Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera , , , , , , , and , with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as , , , Coronavirus varieties, HIV, , , , and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.
蟾蜍的皮肤分泌物是一种复杂的分子混合物。分泌的物质由 80 多种不同的化合物组成，具有多种药理学活性。通过皮肤毛孔和腮腺分泌的化合物特别有趣，因为它们含有蟾毒内酯、生物碱和抗菌肽等成分，有助于蟾蜍在充满致病微生物的栖息地中生存，即细菌、真菌、病毒和原生动物。我们对截至 2022 年 11 月在 ACS 出版物、Google Scholar、PubMed 和 ScienceDirect 上发表的相关文章进行了广泛的文献回顾。研究集中在对从属的种中鉴定出的化合物的生物学特性进行研究，这些化合物具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和抗寄生虫活性；以及使用具有类似活性的化合物和蟾蜍皮肤分泌物进行的研究。这篇综述表明，蟾蜍分泌物中的化合物可能是治疗传染病的新药候选物，也可以用于开发具有更好特性的新分子，从现有分子中获得。本综述中的一些化合物对具有医学意义的微生物具有活性，如金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌、冠状病毒变种、艾滋病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、肝炎病毒和不同种类的影响经济利益的真菌。
