International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies" (SCAMT), ITMO University, 9, Lomonosova Str., Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia.
Cells. 2023 Feb 13;12(4):610. doi: 10.3390/cells12040610.
Organoids are microtissues that recapitulate the complex structural organization and functions of tissues and organs. Nanoparticles have several specific properties that must be considered when replacing animal models with in vitro studies, such as the formation of a protein corona, accumulation, ability to overcome tissue barriers, and different severities of toxic effects in different cell types. An increase in the number of articles on toxicology research using organoid models is related to an increase in publications on organoids in general but is not related to toxicology-based publications. We demonstrate how the quantitative assessment of toxic changes in the structure of organoids and the state of their cell collections provide more valuable results for toxicological research and provide examples of research methods. The impact of the tested materials on organoids and their differences are also discussed. In conclusion, we highlight the main challenges, the solution of which will allow researchers to approach the replacement of in vivo research with in vitro research: biobanking and standardization of the structural characterization of organoids, and the development of effective screening imaging techniques for 3D organoid cell organization.
类器官是能够重现组织和器官复杂结构组织和功能的微型组织。在使用体外研究替代动物模型时，必须考虑纳米颗粒的一些特定性质，例如形成蛋白质冠、积累、克服组织屏障的能力以及在不同细胞类型中产生不同严重程度的毒性作用。有关使用类器官模型进行毒理学研究的文章数量的增加与一般类器官出版物的增加有关，但与基于毒理学的出版物无关。我们展示了如何对类器官结构和细胞群状态的毒性变化进行定量评估，为毒理学研究提供更有价值的结果，并提供了研究方法的示例。还讨论了测试材料对类器官的影响及其差异。总之，我们强调了主要挑战，解决这些挑战将使研究人员能够用体外研究替代体内研究：类器官的生物库和结构特征标准化，以及开发用于 3D 类器官细胞组织的有效筛选成像技术。
